2月龄婴儿智能、运动和体格发育的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of influencing factors on intelligence, movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants

目的评估2月龄婴儿的智能、运动和体格发育情况,探讨婴儿早期发育的影响因素。方法选择2021年5-12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院新生儿科进行42天龄体检的203名婴儿作为调查对象。婴儿满2月龄时随访其智能、运动、体格发育情况,共随访到184名婴儿。采用婴幼儿智能发育量表测评其智能和运动发育情况;并测量婴儿身长、体重、头围,通过Z评分法评估其体格发育情况。采用logistic回归进行婴儿智能、运动和体格发育的影响因素分析。结果184名2月龄婴儿智力发育指数(MDI)中位数为101;运动发育指数(PDI)中位数为89;身长为(59.3±2.0)cm,体重为(5.8±0.6)kg,头围为(38.9±1.1)cm。多因素logistic回归分析显示,MDI的影响因素为母亲分娩年龄和婴儿出生胎龄[比值比(OR)=0.849、0.463,P均<0.05];PDI的影响因素为母亲孕期胎教和孕期平均每晚睡眠时间(OR=0.512、0.666,P均<0.05);身体质量指数(BMI)的影响因素为母亲孕期服用含碘补充剂(OR=2.858,P=0.018);年龄别身长Z分值(LAZ)的影响因素为母亲孕期胎教(OR=0.265,P=0.026);年龄别体重Z分值(WAZ)的影响因素包括母亲孕期平均每晚睡眠时间、孕期入睡时间超过深夜12点频率、孕期平均每周锻炼时长(OR=0.277、1.106、0.990,P均<0.05)。结论母亲分娩年龄和孕期胎教、睡眠时长、含碘补充剂摄入、锻炼时长和婴儿出生胎龄为2月龄婴儿智能、运动和体格发育的影响因素,应予以重视并有针对性地采取措施,以期提升人口素质。

Objective To evaluate the intelligence,movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants,and to explore the influencing factors of early infant development.Methods A total of 203 infants aged 42 days who underwent physical examination in the Department of Neonatology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May to December 2021 were selected as subjects.At the age of 2 months,184 infants were followed up for their intelligence,movement and physical development.The intelligence and movement development of infants were evaluated with the intelligence development scale.Their body length,weight,and head circumference were measured,and physical development was assessed by Z-score method.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of intelligence,movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants.Results The median mental developmental index(MDI)of 1842-month-old infants was 101;the median psychomotor developmental index(PDI)was 89;the body length was(59.3±2.0)cm,the body weight was(5.8±0.6)kg,and the head circumference was(38.9±1.1)cm.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of MDI were maternal delivery age and infant gestational age[odds ratio(OR)=0.849,0.463,P<0.05];the influencing factors of PDI were maternal prenatal education and average sleep time per night during pregnancy(OR=0.512,0.666,P<0.05);the influencing factor of body mass index(BMI)was maternal iodine supplements during pregnancy(OR=2.858,P=0.018);the influencing factor of length-for-age Z-score(LAZ)was maternal prenatal education during pregnancy(OR=0.265,P=0.026);the influencing factors of weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)included maternal average sleep time per night,the frequency of sleeping time exceeding 12 am and the average weekly exercise duration during pregnancy(OR=0.277,1.106,0.990,P<0.05).Conclusion Maternal delivery age,prenatal education,sleep duration,intake of iodine supplements,exercise duration during pregnancy,and infant gestational age are factors affecting the intelligence,movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants,which should be paid attention to and measures should be taken to improve the population quality.