2020年新疆生产建设兵团南、北疆8 ~ 10岁儿童和孕妇碘营养水平调查

Iodine nutrition level of children aged 8 - 10 years and pregnant women in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2020

目的全面了解新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)南、北疆8 ~ 10儿童和孕妇碘营养水平和碘缺乏病防治现状, 为巩固碘缺乏病防治效果及提出可持续防治策略提供依据。方法 2020年5 - 11月, 在兵团范围内开展碘缺乏病病情监测工作。⑴盐碘监测:在兵团14个师, 每个师按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个团场, 每个团场抽取4个连队, 每个连队采集15户兵团职工家中食用盐盐样, 检测盐碘。⑵尿碘、甲状腺肿大监测:在兵团13个师, 每个师按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个团场, 每个团场抽取1所小学的40名8 ~ 10岁儿童(年龄均衡、男女各半)和20名孕妇作为调查对象, 采集儿童和孕妇随意1次尿样, 检测尿碘;并测量儿童甲状腺容积, 计算甲状腺肿大率。结果⑴共检测盐样4 149份, 盐碘中位数为27.3 mg/kg, 碘盐覆盖率为99.9%(4 146/4 149), 碘盐合格率为98.1%(4 069/4 146), 合格碘盐食用率为98.1%(4 069/4 149)。其中, 兵团南、北疆各检测盐样1 197、2 952份, 盐碘中位数分别为26.7、27.5 mg/kg, 碘盐覆盖率分别为99.7%(1 194/1 197)、100.0%(2 952/2 952), 碘盐合格率分别为95.0%(1 134/1 194)、99.4%(2 935/2 952), 合格碘盐食用率分别为94.7%(1 134/1 197)、99.4%(2 935/2 952), 地区间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。⑵共检测8 ~ 10岁儿童尿样2 602份, 尿碘中位数为186.5 μg/L, 兵团南、北疆儿童(800、1 802名)尿碘中位数分别为181.9、188.5 μg/L;共检测孕妇尿样1 247份, 尿碘中位数为192.6 μg/L, 兵团南、北疆孕妇(397、850名)尿碘中位数分别为182.2、200.3 μg/L。⑶共检查2 602名8 ~ 10岁儿童甲状腺, 甲状腺肿大率为1.2%(31/2 602), 兵团南、北疆儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为1.4%(11/800)、1.1%(20/1 802)。结论 2020年, 兵团以师为单位达到碘缺乏病消除标准, 8 ~ 10岁儿童和孕妇总体处于碘适宜水平。

Objective To fully learn about the iodine nutrition level and the status quo of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)among children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(hereinafter referred to as the Corps),and to provide a basis for consolidating the prevention and control effect of IDD and proposing sustainable prevention and control strategies.Methods From May to November 2020,IDD monitoring was carried out within the Corps.⑴Salt iodine monitoring:in 14 divisions of the Corps,1 regiment was selected in each division from five directions of East,West,South,North and Middle,and 4 companies were selected from each regiment and edible salt samples were collected from the homes of 15 Corps employees to test for salt iodine.⑵Monitoring of urinary iodine and goiter:in 13 divisions of the Corps,1 regiment was selected from each division according to five directions of East,West,South,North and Middle,and 40 children aged 8-10 years(age balanced,half male and female)from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected as the survey subjects.Once random urine sample was collected from children and pregnant women to detect urinary iodine;the thyroid volume of children was measured and the goiter rate was calculated.Results⑴A total of 4149 salt samples were tested,the median salt iodine was 27.3 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.9%(4146/4149),the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.1%(4069/4146),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.1%(4069/4149).Among them,1197 and 2952 salt samples were tested in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of the Corps,the median salt iodine was 26.7 and 27.5 mg/kg,respectively;the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.7%(1194/1197)and 100.0%(2952/2952),respectively;the qualified rate of iodized salt was 95.0%(1134/1194)and 99.4%(2935/2952),respectively;the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.7%(1134/1197)and 99.4%(2935/2952),respectively;and the differences between regions were statistically significant(P<0.05).⑵A total of 2602 urine samples of children aged 8-10 years were detected,and the median urinary iodine was 186.5μg/L;the median urinary iodine of children(800 and 1802)in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of the Corps was 181.9 and 188.5μg/L,respectively.A total of 1247 urine samples of pregnant women were detected,and the median urinary iodine was 192.6μg/L;the median urinary iodine of pregnant women(397 and 850)in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of the Corps was 182.2 and 200.3μg/L,respectively.⑶A total of 2602 children aged 8-10 years were examined for thyroid volume,and the goiter rate was 1.2%(31/2602);the goiter rate of children in Southern and Northern Xinjiang of the Corps was 1.4%(11/800)and 1.1%(20/1802),respectively.Conclusion In 2020,the Corps has reached the elimination standard of IDD by divisions,and children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women are generally at an appropriate iodine level.