113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价

Evaluation of forage yield and quality traits of 113 forage hexaploid triticale germplasm lines

种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料,通过2年田间种植,对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异,其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000~111.560 g与36.310~159.780 g,单株干草产量分别为12.000~27.000 g与9.150~30.150 g,鲜干比分别为2.380~4.370与2.610~6.210,饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%~13.259%与6.680%~14.304%,饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%~74.850%与53.850%~67.980%,酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%~42.780%与29.000%~39.280%,饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650~128.150与79.840~113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974~2.075。主成分分析表明,饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分,其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量、粗蛋白含量及相对饲用价值可将这113份种质聚为三类,即高产优质种质17份、产量较低品质较优种质50份以及中间类型种质46份。可见供试小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状遗传变异丰富,为饲草型小黑麦育种与遗传改良奠定了基础。

Germplasm are important resources in genetic improvement and breeding,and forage yield and quality are key characteristics for triticale(×Triticosecale Wittmack) varieties for animal feeds. In this study,113 triticale cultivars from 15 countries were planted in two years,and their forage yields and quality traits(fresh forage weight per plant,dry forage weight per plant,fresh-dry ratio,forage crude protein content,neutral detergent fiber content,acid detergent fiber content and relative feed value)were investigated and a comprehensive index of these traits was evaluated. It was found that forage yield and quality traits of the tested triticale germplasm lines differed significantly between cultivars and years. In two consecutive years,the range of values for measured traits was:fresh forage weight per plant,36. 000-111. 560 g and 36. 310-159. 780 g;dry forage weight per plant,12. 000-27. 000 g and 9. 150-30. 150 g;fresh-dry ratio,2. 380-4. 370 and 2. 610-6. 210;forage crude protein content 6. 894%-13. 259% and 6. 680%-14. 304%;forage neutral detergent fiber content,48. 480%-74. 850% and 53. 850%-67. 980%;forage acid detergent fiber content,26. 600%-42. 780% and 29. 000%-39. 280%;and forage relative feed value,69. 650-128. 150 and 79. 840-113. 170. The comprehensive index for the seven tested traits ranged from 1. 974 to 2. 075. The forage fiber quality factor,forage yield factor and comprehensive quality factor were the three most important principal components,with eigenvalues of 1. 894,1. 618 and 1. 419,respectively. These three principal components explained 82. 198% of total data variation. Based on the dry forage weight per plant,crude protein content,and relative feed value,the 113 triticale germplasm lines could be placed into three groups:a higher forage yield and better forage quality group with 17 cultivars,a lower forage yield and good forage quality group with 50 cultivars,and an intermediate-yield and quality group with 46 cultivars. These results indicate that the 113 tested triticale germplasm lines exhibited rich genetic variation in yield and quality traits,which will facilitate forage triticale breeding and genetic improvement.