不同部位后火低温大曲真菌群落结构比较分析

Fungal Diversity in Different Parts of Houhuo Low-temperature Daqu

该研究以真菌内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)为靶点,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对后火低温大曲曲皮和曲心的真菌多样性进行分析。经α多样性发现,后火低温大曲曲心的真菌群落丰富度和多样性均显著高于曲皮(P<0.05)。经β多样性发现,曲皮和曲心样品间差异极显著(P<0.001)。属水平上,曲皮中的优势真菌属为复膜孢酵母属(Saccharomycopsis,98.92%),而曲心中的优势真菌属为Saccharomycopsis(58.20%)和曲霉属(Aspergillus,40.97%)。在分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)水平上,平均相对含量>1.0%的核心OTU仅2个,分别隶属于Saccharomycopsis(70.84%)和Aspergillus(17.91%)。经线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEfSe)分析发现导致两者差异的主要菌群为Saccharomycopsis和Aspergillus等优势菌群。由此可见,后火低温大曲中主要的真菌类群为Saccharomycopsis和Aspergillus,且曲皮和曲心部位真菌群落结构存在差异,为后续制曲工艺的改良和华中地区酿酒微生物资源的挖掘提供一定的数据支撑。

The fungal diversity in the peel and core of Houhuo low-temperature Daqu was analyzed by Illumina Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing for the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence. The alpha diversity and richness of the fungi in the Daqu core were significantly higher(P<0.05). The beta diversity analysis indicated that the fungal community structure was different between Daqu peel and Daqu core(P<0.001). At the genus level,the dominant fungal genus in the Daqu peel was Saccharomycopsis(98.92%),while those in the Daqu core were Saccharomycopsis(58.20%) and Aspergillus(40.97%). There were only 2 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) with average relative abundance >1.0%,which belonged to Saccharomycopsis(70.84%) and Aspergillus(17.91%),respectively. The linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe) showed that Saccharomycopsis and Aspergillus were the key genera causing the difference between Daqu peel and Daqu core. The results demonstrated that the dominant fungal taxa in the Houhuo low-temperature Daqu were Saccharomycopsis and Aspergillus,and the fungal community structure varied between Daqu peel and Daqu core. The findings provide data support for the subsequent improvement of Daqu-making process and the mining of microbial resources for brewing in central China.