2种无害化疏花剂在“瑞阳”苹果上的应用研究

Application of Two Harmless Flower-thinning Agents on‘Ruiyang’Apple

[目的]探究无害化疏花剂对“瑞阳”的疏花效果及适宜的使用方法,为无害化疏花剂的应用提供参考。[方法]选用甲酸钙(CFA,10 g/L)和支链仲醇聚氧乙烯醚(TMN-6,0.5 mg/L)2种无公害药剂作为疏花剂,设置2个喷施时期组合(Ⅰ,中心花开75%、全树花开60%;Ⅱ,中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%),研究不同喷施时期对苹果新品种“瑞阳”的疏花效果。[结果]CFA在时期Ⅱ分别喷施一次优于其他处理,花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、单双果率分别为35.00%、50.93%、40.58%,其疏花成本较人工疏花节约了64%,比CFA在时期Ⅰ疏花节约了5%,比TMN-6疏花节约了17%。[结论]对于“瑞阳”苹果而言,CFA的疏花效果优于TMN-6的疏花效果,其中CFA(10 g/L)分别于中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%时喷施1次对“瑞阳”苹果的疏花效果最好。

[Objective]To investigate the effect of harmless flower thinning agent on‘Ruiyang’and the suitable application method,so as to provide reference for the application of harmless flower thinning agent.[Method]Two pollution-free agents,calcium-formic acid compound(CFA,10 g/L)and branched secondary alcohol ethoxylates(TMN-6,0.5 mg/L),were selected as flower thinning agents.Two combinations of spraying periods were set(Ⅰ,75% central flowering and 60% whole-tree flowering;Ⅱ,75% central flowering,40% whole-tree flowering and 60% whole-tree flowering).The control group was also set to spray plain water instead and use manual flower thinning.Three replications were set up in each,single-plot,zone arrangement to study the effect of different spraying periods on flower thinning of the new apple variety‘Ruiyang’.[Result]CFA was better than the other treatments when sprayed once in period II,respectively.The floral fruiting rate,inflorescence fruiting rate,and single and double fruiting rate were 35.00%,50.93%,and 40.58%,respectively.The percentage of fruit set of terminal flower bud inflorescence and axillary flower bud inflorescence were 60.02% and 36.66%,respectively.Their inflorescence fruiting rate was reduced by 16.89% compared to manual thinning and the difference was significant.The axillary bud inflorescence fruiting rate was similar to the effect of manual thinning,and the axillary buds could be thinned effectively.And the cost of flower thinning saved 64% compared with manual thinning,5% compared with CFA in periodⅠthinning,and 17% compared with TMN-6 thinning.[Conclusion]For‘Ruiyang’apple,the flower thinning effect of CFA was better than that of TMN-6.One spray of CFA(10 g/L)at 75% central flowering,40% whole-tree flowering and 60% whole-tree flowering was the best for‘Ruiyang’apples,so it was more suitable for application in production.