种草养鹅的牧草种植方案优化研究

Study on the Optimization of Forage Planting Scheme for Raising Geese by Planting Grass

为了优化种草养鹅的牧草种植方案,试验选用禾本科的黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)和豆科的光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)进行单播与混播、不同播种方式、不同混播比例、不同播期的种植,测定产草量并进行对比分析。结果表明:无论采用何种播种方式,黑麦草和光叶紫花苕混播的总产草量显著高于黑麦草和箭筈豌豆混播(P<0.05),也显著高于黑麦草单播(P<0.05);黑麦草+光叶紫花苕撒播产草量显著高于异行混播(P<0.05),播种方式对黑麦草和箭筈豌豆混播产草量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。当黑麦草播种量为30 kg/hm2时,光叶紫花苕和黑麦草播种比例为3∶2,箭筈豌豆和黑麦草播种比例为2∶1,再提高光叶紫花苕和箭筈豌豆的播种量并不能提高产草量;当黑麦草播种量提高至37.5 kg/hm2,箭筈豌豆和黑麦草播种比例为2∶1时,其产草量显著提高(P<0.05),产草量与黑麦草和光叶紫花苕混播相当。中播期组黑麦草和光叶紫花苕混播的产草量高于早播期组(P>0.05),但均显著高于晚播期组(P<0.05)。中播期组黑麦草和箭筈豌豆混播的产草量显著高于晚播期组(P<0.05),晚播期组产草量显著高于早播期组(P<0.05)。这说明种草养鹅的牧草种植应优先选择黑麦草和光叶紫花苕混播,光叶紫花苕和黑麦草播种比例为3∶2,播种方式以撒播为宜,黑麦草和箭筈豌豆混播需要加大黑麦草播种量,箭筈豌豆和黑麦草播种比例以2∶1为宜。牧草种植播期要适宜,过早或过晚播种均不利于牧草生长。

In order to optimize the forage planting scheme for raising geese by planting grass,Lolium multiflorum(Gramineae),Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens and Vicia sativa of Leguminosae sp.were selected to plant with some schemes of single and mixed sowing,different sowing methods,different mixed sowing ratios and different sowing dates.The fresh grass yield was measured and compared.The results showed that no matter what kind of sowing method was adopted,the total grass yield of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens was significantly higher than that of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa,and it was also significantly higher than that of single sowing of L.multiflorum(P<0.05).The grass yield of mixed broadcast sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa was significantly higher than that of line-line-mixed sowing(P<0.05).The sowing method had no significant effect on the grass yield of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa(P>0.05).When the sowing rate of L.multiflorum was 30 kg/hm~2,the sowing ratio of V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens and L.multiflorum was 3∶2 and the sowing ratio of V.sativa and L.multiflorum was 2∶1,the grass yield could not be improved by further increasing the sowing rate of V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens and V.sativa.When the sowing rate of L.multiflorum was increased to 37.5 kg/hm~2 and the sowing ratio of V.sativa and L.multiflorum was 2∶1,the grass yield significantly increased(P<0.05),and the grass yield was equivalent to that of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa.The grass yield of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens in middle-stage sowing group was higher than that in early-stage sowing group,but they were significantly higher than that in late-stage sowing group(P<0.05).The grass yield of mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa in middle-stage sowing group was significantly higher than that in late-stage sowing group(P<0.05),and the grass yield in late-stage of sowing group was significantly higher than that in early-stage of sowing group(P<0.05).It was suggested that the mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens should be preferred in the planting of forage to raise geese,the sowing ratio of V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens and L.multiflorum was 3∶2,the optimum sowing method was broadcast-mixed sowing.The sowing rate of L.multiflorum should be increased in the mixed sowing of L.multiflorum and V.sativa,the optimum sowing ratio of V.sativa and L.multiflorum was 2∶1.The planting and sowing date of forage should be appropriate,sowing too early or too late was not conducive to the forage growth.