伪齐、金初渑池县更名“沔池”考——兼谈新修订本《金史》之校勘

A Study on the Change of Mianchi County s Name in the Puppet Qi and Early Jin Dynasties

伪齐时,更渑池县为“沔池”,以避金太祖完颜旻讳。“渑”字为多音字,作县名时音弥兖切,本不涉及避讳,金人亦不避此字。但伪齐为取悦上国,仍将“渑”(又音武尽切)字定为避讳字,并就近借用同音且民间已有书写习惯的“沔”字替代。金朝重新统治河南后并不严格避“渑”字,但要改回县名多有不便,“沔池”遂作为官方正式称名,于有金一代沿用,并于后世成为该县别名,与“渑池”兼用、混用。故新、旧点校本《金史》凡底本为“沔池”而改作“渑池”者,均应回改。凡文献所见“沔池”,如无充分版本依据,均不宜臆改为“渑池”。

During the Puppet Qi Dynasty,Mianchi County(渑池)was changed to“沔池”to avoid breaking the taboo of using a character from Emperor Jin Taizu s name,namely Wanyan Min.“渑”is a multi-syllabic character,and when used as the county name it does not involve taboos.The regime of Jin Dynasty does not avoid this word.But to please Jin,the Puppet Qi deem“渑”as a taboo character,and used the nearest homonymous character“沔”as a substitute.After the Jin Dynasty re-ruled Henan,they did not change back the county name,and the Jin never strictly avoid the word“渑”.“沔池”was used as the official name during the Jin Dynasty,and it became alias of the county in later dynasties interchangeable with“渑池”.In the new and old annotated versions of Jin Shi,it should be restored where“沔池”had been mistakenly changed to“渑池”.For other literature,unless there is sufficient evidence that“渑池”was used in the original version,“沔池”should be kept and not changed into“渑池”.