风井防爆门自动泄压技术

Automatic pressure relief technology of air shaft explosion-proof door

针对传统防爆门开启泄压不及时以及锁扣装置自动化操作程度低的问题,从力学角度出发,详细分析了在风机正常工作及反风工作2种状态下防爆门的受力情况,在传统锁扣的基础上研究了新型电磁锁扣技术在防爆门泄压和反风过程中的应用,计算了新型电磁锁扣在风机不同工作状态下所需的吸力,并基于电磁锁扣技术进一步提出了防爆门自动泄压设计。结果表明:防爆门在泄压和反风过程存在只有爆炸威力较大时才能将防爆门打开以及反风过程中可能出现漏风的情况。为防止以上情况的发生,在提出的防爆门自动泄压设计中将防爆门配重增加至自然状态下拉起防爆门,利用新型电磁锁扣提供足够的吸力来满足防爆门泄压和反风工作的要求。通过计算得出当配重以114484 N来保证防爆门的平衡状态时,电磁锁扣至少提供166169 N的吸力才能保证防爆门在风机不同工作状态时的平稳运行;此外利用新型电磁锁扣和高性能传感器技术,在防爆门配重大于防爆门盖重力、正(负)压和摩擦力的合力的条件下,实现防爆门在任何爆炸威力下的快速泄压应满足的条件为爆炸位置与防爆门之间的距离大于锁扣断电时爆炸冲击波已传播的距离,并通过理论计算得出防爆门自动泄压设计中爆炸位置与防爆门间的安全距离大致为326 m。

In view of the problems of untimely opening and pressure relief of the traditional explosion-proof door and the low degree of automatic operation of the latch device,from the perspective of mechanics,the stress of the explosion-proof door under the two states of normal operation and reverse air operation of the fan is analyzed in detail.The application of the new electromagnetic latch technology to the explosion-proof door pressure relief and backdraft process was studied on the basis of the traditional latch,the required suction force of the new electromagnetic latch under different operating conditions of the fan was calculated and the design of the automatic explosion-proof door pressure relief was further proposed based on the electromagnetic latch technology.The results show that the explosion-proof door can be opened only when the explosion power is large,and there may be air leakage in the process of reverse wind.In order to prevent the above situations,in the proposed automatic pressure relief design of the explosion-proof door,the counterweight of the explosion-proof door is increased to the natural state,the explosion-proof door is pulled down,and the new electromagnetic latch is used to provide sufficient suction to meet the requirements of pressure relief and anti wind work of the explosion-proof door.The calculation shows that when the counterweightis 114484 N to ensure the balance state of the explosion-proof door,the electromagnetic latch provides at least 166169 N suction to ensure the smooth operation of the explosion-proof door in different working states of the fan.In addition,using the new electromagnetic latch and high-performance sensor technology,under the condition that the counterweight of the explosion-proof door is greater than the combined force of the gravity,positive(negative)pressure and friction of the explosion-proof door cover,the rapid pressure relief under any explosion power can be realized when the distance between the explosion position and the explosion-proof door is greater than the distance that the explosion shock wave has propagated when the latch is powered off.Through theoretical calculation,it is concluded that the safe distance between the explosion position and the explosion-proof door in the automatic pressure relief design of the explosion-proof door is about 326 m.