无痛穿刺技术在先天性心脏病患儿术前操作性疼痛管理中的应用

Application of painless venipuncture technique in decreasing the preoperative procedural pain of children with congenital heart disease

目的探讨无痛穿刺技术在择期手术患儿术前操作性疼痛管理中的应用效果。方法采用非同期历史对照研究方法,目的抽样法抽取2019年6月—2020年1月在心胸外科病房进行择期心脏手术且需术前备血的患儿140例,其中2019年6月—9月收治的70例患儿设为对照组,2019年10月—2020年1月收治的70例患儿设为观察组。对照组穿刺时行常规护理,观察组在穿刺前30 min在穿刺处涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏。比较2组患儿穿刺时疼痛评分、心率和患儿依从性。结果观察组患儿静脉采血时疼痛评分为(3.16±1.15)分,低于对照组(5.09±0.81)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2组患儿心率变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患儿操作依从性显著优于对照组(P<0.001)。结论无痛穿刺技术可降低先天性心脏病手术患儿术前备血时静脉采血的疼痛感,提高患儿操作依从性且不影响心率,有助于持续提升儿外科围术期护理服务质量。

Objective To investigate the effect of painless venipuncture technique in decreas⁃ing the preoperative procedural pain in children undergoing elective surgery for congenital heart disease.Methods A historical control study was adopted.A total of 140 children who under⁃went elective heart surgery from June 2019 to January 2020 and needed preoperative blood prepa⁃ration were selected by sampling method.The children recruited from June 2019 to September 2019 were divided into the control group and the those recruited from October 2019 to January 2020 were divided into the observation group,with 70 cases in each group.The control group re⁃ceived routine nursing,and the external application of compound lidocaine cream at the puncture site was adopted 30 min before venipuncture.Pain score,heart rate and treatment compliance were compared between the two groups.Results The pain score in the observation group was sig⁃nificantly lower than that in the control group(3.16±1.15 vs.5.09±0.81,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in heart rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation com⁃pliance of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion The painless venipuncture technique helps to reduce the venipuncture pain during preoperative blood preparation in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease,improve operation compliance without affecting heart rate,and contribute to the continuous im⁃provement of perioperative nursing service quality in pediatric surgery.