抗凝剂皮下注射不良反应发生率现况调查及其影响因素研究

Investigation on the incidence of adverse reactions of subcutaneous anticoagulant injection and its influencing factors

目的调查基于循证护理指导下抗凝剂皮下注射不良反应发生率,并进行影响因素分析。方法采取便利抽样法,对608例患者抗凝剂皮下注射后皮下瘀点瘀斑、硬结等进行记录,计算发生率,对年龄等影响因素进行多元回归分析。结果通过规范注射,有98例患者发生不良反应,总发生率为16.12%。年龄、性别、体质量指数、腹部皮肤褶皱厚度、同时使用其他相关药物是其主要影响因素。D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平是特异性指标。结论规范抗凝剂皮下注射方法,可降低出血相关不良反应。注射前应全面评估患者,掌握正确的注射方法。高龄、女性、肥胖、同时使用其他相关药物和D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降低的患者是高危人群。

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of adverse reac⁃tions of injection site after subcutaneous anticoagulant injection under the guidance of evidencebased nursingMethods Using the convenient sampling method,608 patients with anticoagulant subcutaneous injection were investigated with self-designed general data questionnaire.Results Totally 98 patients had hemorrhagic related adverse reactions,the total incidence was 16.12%.Age,sex,body mass index,abdominal skin fold thickness,and concomitant other anticoagulants were the main influencing factors.The levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were specific indexes.Conclusion Standardizing subcutaneous injection method of anticoagulants can reduce the risk of bleeding and other adverse reaction.Patients should be comprehensively evaluated before injec⁃tion and master the correct injection method.Elderly,female,obesity,and the use of other anti⁃coagulant drugs and D-dimer,fibrinogen decreased in patients are high-risk groups.