论交互式流媒体音乐服务中版权许可机制的变革

On the Reform of Copyright Licensing Mechanism in Interactive Streaming Music Services

交互式流媒体音乐服务改变了音乐产业运营模式,客观上需要音乐授权体系从模拟时代向数字时代过渡,美国《音乐现代化法案》的施行具有代表性。该法案意图以音乐作品机械复制权的“一揽子许可”模式化解流媒体平台的授权困境,并通过设立专门的集体管理组织、建立统一的音乐版权数据库和改革许可费用的确定及分配机制等措施确保其发挥实效。这一变革事实上以构建具有竞争力的数字音乐版权许可模式为目标,其中“一揽子+集中”许可模式体现了顺应流媒体平台需要的产业政策取向,而集中统一的版权数据库则是确保效率价值与公平价值得以兼顾的技术手段。针对我国流媒体音乐领域因独家授权模式引发的纷争,构建更具竞争力的数字音乐版权许可机制应是化解之途。

Interactive streaming music services have changed the operation mode of the music industry,which objectively requires the music licensing system to transfer from analog era to the digital age.The implementation of the Music Modernization Act in the United States is representative.The Act intends to resolve the licensing dilemma of streaming media platforms through the“package license”model of mechanical reproduction right of musical works,and to ensure its effectiveness by establishing a special collective management organization,building a unified music copyright database and reforming the determination and distribution mechanism of licensing fees.In fact,The reform measures aim to build a competitive digital music copyright licensing mode,in which the“package&centralized”licensing mode reflects the industry policy orientation to meet the needs of streaming media platforms,while the centralized and unified copyright database is a technical means to ensure both efficiency and fairness.In order to resolve the disputes caused by the exclusive licensing mode in China’s streaming media music field,a more competitive digital music copyright licensing mechanism should be built.