我国绿氢供应体系建设思考与建议

Construction of Green-Hydrogen Supply System in China:Reflections and Suggestions

在碳中和战略目标引领下,能源生产消费方式转向绿色低碳,将推动氢能供应体系逐步以绿氢为基础进行重塑;绿氢将成为新能源供给消纳体系的重要组成部分,因而加强绿氢供应体系建设有助于能源生产消费方式变革。本文在阐述绿氢供应体系建设必要性的基础上,剖析了绿氢供应体系建设面临的挑战,如绿氢资源与需求空间分布不匹配、绿氢生产与消费时间特性不匹配、现有体制机制及标准与绿氢供应体系不匹配;凝练了强化氢储运关键基础问题研究、加快氢储运技术装备攻关、提升氢储运装备安全检测技术水平等重点研究方向,力求以氢储运环节的高质量发展支撑绿氢供应体系建设。研究提出,采用氢电融合发展的系统性思维,统筹构建我国绿氢供应体系;氢储运是连接上游电解水制氢、下游氢消纳应用的关键环节,在调节绿氢供需时空错配、实现绿氢灵活供应方面发挥重要作用。为此建议,注重顶层设计、统筹规划布局,建设基础设施、化解时空错配矛盾,开展试点示范、驱动技术创新,完善体制机制、营造发展环境,以此促进绿氢供应体系高质量建设。

Under the guidance of the carbon neutrality goal,energy production and consumption modes of China are shifting to be green and low-carbon,and the hydrogen energy supply system will be reshaped based on green hydrogen.Green hydrogen will become an important component of China’s new energy supply and consumption system.Strengthening the construction of a green-hydrogen supply system is conducive to the transformation of China’s energy production and consumption modes.This study explored the significant values for constructing the green-hydrogen supply system and analyzed the challenges faced by the construction,including(1)spatial mismatch between green hydrogen supply and demand,(2)temporal mismatch between green hydrogen production and consumption,and(3)mismatch between the green-hydrogen supply system and existing systems,mechanisms,and standards.To support the construction of the green-hydrogen supply system,key research directions include key basic issues of hydrogen storage and transportation,hydrogen storage and transportation technologies and equipment,and safety testing technologies of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment,thereby realizing the high-quality development of hydrogen storage and transportation.Moreover,the study proposed the integrated development of hydrogen energy and electrical power to construct the green-hydrogen supply system of China.Hydrogen storage and transportation is a key link that connects water-electrolytic hydrogen production and hydrogen consumption and is crucial for adjusting the spatial and temporal mismatch of green hydrogen supply and demand and for realizing flexible supply of green hydrogen.Therefore,we suggest that China should focus on top-level design and overall planning,improve infrastructures to address the spatial and temporal mismatches,conduct pilot demonstration to drive technological innovation,and improve the systems and mechanisms to optimize the development environment.