《民法典》第997条(人格权侵害禁令)诉讼评注

Litigation Commentary on Article 997 of the Civil Code(Injunctive Relief for Personality Rights Infringement)

人格权禁令可以在侵害发生或即将发生前为当事人的人格权保护及时提供更积极的制度方案,从制度定位上并不同于现行法中的诉前行为保全。《民法典》997条所设定的要件决定了人格权侵害禁令既不是纯粹的实体法规范,也不是单纯的程序法规定,而是实体与程序交叉的请求内容。中国诉前行为保全的程序理念主要参照英美禁令制度,并不具有程序独立性。就独立性而言,中国人格权禁令程序更贴近德日的保全程序。人格权侵害禁令程序中,迅速保护受害人的程序价值优先于适正公平。禁令程序的迅速性程度取决于人格权侵害案件的紧急性。人格权禁令更强调职权主义,并在程序保障上弱于普通程序。不仅应明确禁令程序的特性,更应探讨研究具体的程序设置与对接协调,从而在确保实现禁令快速保护目的前提下兼顾被申请人的程序保障。

The injunction of personality right can provide a more positive institutional solution for the protection of the parties’ personal rights in a timely manner before the infringement occurs or is imminent, and is not institutionally positioned in the same way as the pre—litigation act of preservation under the current law.The requirements of Article 997 of the Civil Code determine that the injunction of personality right is neither a pure substantive law norm nor a pure procedural law provision, but the content of the request that the entity and the procedure intersect.The procedural concept of act preservation before prosecution in our country mainly refers to British and American Law injunction system, and does not have procedural independence.In terms of independence, our personal rights injunction procedure is more in line with the German and Japanese preservation procedure. The procedural value of prompt protection of the victim takes precedence over due justice in personal rights infringement injunction proceedings.The degree of expeditiousness of the injunction procedure depends on the urgency of the case of infringement of personality rights. Injunctions in personality rights place greater emphasis on ex officio and are weaker than ordinary procedures in terms of procedural safeguards.Not only should the characteristics of the injunction procedure be clarified, but the specific procedural settings and coordination should also be explored, so as to ensure that the procedural safeguards of the respondent are taken into account while ensuring that the purpose of the injunction is quickly protected.