从沃罗涅什到斯德哥尔摩——布宁文学创作与犹太人关系论

From Voronezh to Stockholm:The Relationship between Bunin’s Literary Creation and Jews

布宁一生都与犹太人有着密切的关系。本文梳理了十月革命之前(1917年之前)、十月革命之后敖德萨时期(1917—1920)、侨居时期(1920—1953)三个阶段中布宁与犹太人关系发展的流变:从初次交往到日渐熟悉,再到助力诺奖。他们的交往影响并见证了布宁文学创作从关注故乡沃罗涅什等乡间“贵族文化”的衰败转向对俄罗斯命运的思考,进而转向对人类永恒精神价值的求索这一发展过程。

Bunin had a close relationship with Jews all his life.This paper reviews the evolution of the relationship between Jews and Bunin in three stages:before the October Revolution(before 1917),after the October Revolution(Odessa period)(1917—1920)and in the period of living abroad(1920—1953).From their initial contact to growing familiarity,and then to the Nobel Prize.Their interaction influenced and witnessed the development process of Bunin’s literary creation from focusing on the decline of his hometown Voronezh and other rural“noble culture”to thinking about the fate of Russia,and then to the pursuit of the eternal spiritual value of mankind.