内蒙古克什克腾旗哈巴其拉遗址发掘简报

Brief Report of Excavation of the Habaqila Site in Keshiketeng Banner, Inner Mongolia

哈巴其拉遗址地处大兴安岭南端东麓,隶属内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗宇宙地镇大营子村哈巴其拉自然村。2020年夏吉林大学边疆考古研究中心等单位对该遗址进行了抢救性发掘,发掘面积256平方米,清理房址2座、灰坑14座、墓葬2座。出土遗存可分为两期,第一期归属喜鹊沟类型,年代约当1400BC~1200BC年。属第一期遗存、位于发掘区中南部的H1~H3、H12出有矿石、炉渣和炉壁残块等,H2坑底局部还残存红烧土面。经检测这些炉渣中既有典型的冶锡炉渣,又有含锡的多金属冶炼炉渣,表明这一区域存在以冶锡为主的冶炼活动,是迄今中国境内发现的年代最早的冶锡活动地点。

The Habaqila site is located on the east side of the southern end of the Greater Khingan Mountains. In terms of administrative division, it is located in the Habaqila Village in Yuzhoudi Township, Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. In the summer of 2020, Jilin University’s Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology and other units jointly carried out a salvage excavation at the site. A total area of 256 m2was excavated, revealing two houses, 14 ash pits, and two burials.The unearthed remains can be divided into two chronological phases. The first phase corresponds to the Xiquegou type, dating to about 1400 to 1200 BC. The remains of the first phase consist of ores, slags,and furnace wall fragments that were unearthed from the ash pits H1 to H3 and H12 in the central-south part of the excavation area. In addition, a burnt surface was partially noticed at the bottom of the ash pit H2. The slags indicate that smelting activities took place in the area, involving the production of tin and tin-rich alloys. The site has been characterized by the earliest tin smelting activities in China.