职住变迁与通勤自平衡

Change of Residence and Workplace and Commuting Self-balance

采用2011年和2014年各两周的上海移动手机信令数据,通过跟踪分析识别出居住地、就业地发生变迁的居民作为研究对象,数据可视化、描述性统计、定量对比分析等方法对同一批变迁居民的通勤行为进行跟踪研究,以此对其中存在的“自平衡”特征进行分析,并进一步研究该变化特征与城市空间之间所存在的联系。研究表明:总体层面,从平均通勤距离变化以及过剩通勤率变化方面来看,居民在进行居住地、就业地变迁时均存在通勤“自平衡”的特征与趋势;个体层面,原通勤距离越远,通过居住地、就业地变迁以改善自身通勤关系追求通勤“自平衡”的效果越明显;就业地变迁居民的通勤“自平衡”特征相较于居住地变迁来说更加显著;空间集合层面,职住关系较差的居住区、就业区,存在总体的“自平衡”现象。

This paper identifies the residents who have changed their residence and workplace through tracking analysis by the signaling data of shanghai mobile phone in two weeks of 2011 and 2014 as the research object,and to track and study the commuting behavior of the same group of the residents who have changed their residence and workplace by means of data visualization,descriptive statistics and quantitative comparative analysis,so as to analyze the"self-balancing"characteristics existing in the process.And the relationship between the characteristics and urban space is further studied.The results show that:On the overall level,from the change of average commuting distance and over-commuting rate,residents have the characteristics and trends of commuting"selfbalance"when they change their residence and workplace;On the individual level,the farther the original commuting distance is,the better their commuting will be through the change of residence and workplace.The more obvious the effect of relationship pursuit of commuting"self-balance";The commuting"selfbalance"characteristics of residents in the change of workplace are more significant than those in the change of residence;At the level of spatial aggregation,there is a general"self-balance"phenomenon in the residential and employment areas with poor occupational-residential relationship.