论马克思哲学与谢林哲学的思想异同——以黑格尔哲学批判为例

On the Similarities and Differences between Marx’s Philosophy and Schelling’s Philosophy——Taking Hegel’s Philosophy Criticism as an Example

以辩证逻辑对比研究马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对黑格尔的批判与谢林在《近代哲学史》中对黑格尔的批判,可以发现两人的思想既有本质差异又有相同之处。一方面,两人的差异体现在理论背景、哲学立场、哲学的目标指向与批判的靶心等方面;另一方面,两人的思想共性表现在都处于近代哲学向现代哲学转型的思潮之中,不约而同地既肯定又批评了黑格尔的纯粹概念,共同指明了黑格尔的逻辑学向自然哲学过渡的困难,在对主体的追问上呈现出共性与逻辑上的承续关系。对比研究马克思与谢林的哲学思想不仅有助于我们把握谢林思想对马克思哲学的影响,而且有助于我们重新理解黑格尔、谢林、费尔巴哈与马克思之间的思想关联。

In the previous research, the relationship between Marx and Schelling was considered to bea bsolutely opposite, but a dialectical logic comparison was used to study Marx’s criticism of Hegel inManuscripts of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 and Schelling’s Economics and Philosophy ManuscriptsT he criticism of Hegel in the History of Modern Philosophy shows that there are both essential differencesand similarities in the thinking of the two men. On the one hand, the difference between the two isr eflected in the theoretical background, philosophical stand, the goal of philosophy and the bullseye ofcriticism;Both affirmed and criticized Hegel’s pure concept invariably, pointed out the difficulty ofH egel’s logic in transitioning to natural philosophy, and presented the relationship of commonality andlogical continuation in the questioning of the subject. A comparative study of the philosophical thoughts ofM arx and Schelling not only helps us grasp the influence of Schelling’s thought on Marx’s philosophy, butalso helps us re-understand the ideological connection between Hegel, Schelling, Feuerbach and Marx.