中国野生稻种质资源利用与保护

Utilization and Conservation of Wild Rice Resources in China

野生稻是栽培稻的近缘野生种,可为栽培水稻育种提供重要的抗病、抗虫、耐旱、耐寒等抗逆基因,是水稻品种改良的宝贵基因库。随着工业化、城镇化进程加快及气候环境变化,野生稻居群数量和分布面积正急剧减少,野生稻种质资源的损失难以估量。虽然近年来我国野生稻种质资源利用与保护工作取得积极成效,但仍存在一系列问题。本文系统总结了野生稻种质的优异基因发掘、育种应用以及资源保护方面取得的重要进展,并综合分析目前保护管理中存在的问题,针对性的提出未来野生稻保护与利用的相关建议。

Wild rice is a wild relative of cultivated rice,which can provide important genes for resistance to disease,pest,drought and cold for rice breeding,and is a valuable gene pool for rice breed improvement.With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,the change of climate and environment,the number and distribution area of wild rice population are sharply decreasing,and the loss of germplasm resources of wild rice is inestimable.Although the utilization and conservation of wild rice germplasm resources in China have achieved positive achievements in recent years,a series of problems still exists.In this paper,the important progress of wild rice germplasm gene discovery,breeding application and resource conservation was systematically summarized,and the problems existing in current conservation and management were comprehensively analyzed,and relevant suggestions for future conservation and utilization of wild rice were put forward.