水稻种质资源粒型的评价与筛选

Evaluation and Screening of Grain Type of Rice Germplasm Resource

筛选粒型优异的种质资源是选育优质水稻品种的前提。本研究引进了546份籼稻种质资源和326份粳稻种质资源,于2019—2020年在宁波考察了这些种质资源的粒型表现。结果表明,籼型种质资源粒长、粒宽和长宽比的变异系数分别为10.23%、10.90%和18.17%,粳型种质资源则分别为12.62%、12.88%和24.22%,3个性状变异均十分丰富,其中长宽比的变异最丰富;籼型种质资源的粒长与粒宽的相关系数为-0.47(2019年)~-0.48(2020年)、粒长与长宽比的相关系数为0.84,粒宽与长宽比的相关系数为-0.86(2019年)~-0.87(2020年),而粳型种质资源则分别为-0.47(2019年)~-0.42(2020年)、0.82(2019年)~0.80(2020年)和-0.88(2019年)~-0.87(2020年),粒长与粒宽表现为中度负相关,长宽比受粒长和粒宽的影响程度相同。最终筛选出了18份粒型优异的籼稻种质资源和34份粒型优异的粳稻种质资源。育种家可以根据需要选择合适的粒型种质资源作为亲本选育优质稻品种。

Screening germplasm resources with excellent grain shape is the premise of breeding high-quality rice varieties.In this study,546 indica rice germplasm resources and 326 japonica rice germplasm resources were introduced,and their grain types were investigated in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2020.The results showed that the coefficients of variation of grain length,grain width and length width ratio were 10.23%,10.90% and 18.17% for indica germplasm resources,12.62%,12.88% and 24.22% for japonica germplasm resources,respectively.The variation of the three traits was very rich,among which the variation of the length width ratio was the most abundant.The correlation coefficient between grain length and grain width of indica germplasm resources is-0.47(2019)~-0.48(2020),the correlation coefficient between grain length and length width ratio is 0.84,and the correlation coefficient between grain width and length width ratio was-0.86(2019)~-0.87(2020),the japonica germplasm resources were-0.47(2019)~-0.42(2020),0.82(2019)~0.80(2020)and-0.88(2019)~-0.87(2020),respectively.There was a moderate negative correlation between grain length and grain width,and the length width ratio is affected to the same extent by grain length and grain width.Finally,18 indica rice germplasm resources and 34 japonica rice germplasm resources with excellent grain types were screened out.Breeders can select appropriate grain type germplasm resources as parents to breed high-quality rice varieties.