当代政治哲学视域下的马克思主义共同体思想探析

An Analysis of Marxist Community Thought from the Perspective of Contemporary Political Philosophy

马克思主义的共同体思想是马克思主义政治哲学的重要组成部分,它辩证地看待个人与共同体之间的关系问题。而这一关系问题,正是当代政治哲学语境下最为核心的议题之一。自由主义、社群主义与英美分析的马克思主义都在这一议题下进行了长久的相互论辩。综合来看,马克思意义上的“共同体”是以人的生产实践关系为基础的个人的集合体,它既囊括了广义和狭义两种表达方式,又包含了认知性与规范性两种理解维度,揭示了个人与共同体的对立统一性,解决了当代个人与共同体关系问题的理论分歧,是对个人与共同体之间的关系的“真正解决”,体现了马克思主义者对公平正义乃至更高超越性价值的伦理追求与道德愿景。

Marxist community thought is an important part of Marxist political philosophy, which dialectically treats the relationship between individuals and communities. This relationship is one of the core issues of contemporary political philosophy. Liberalism, communitarianism and Anglo-American analysis of Marxism have long debated with each other under this topic. To sum up, the “community” in Marx’s sense is a collection of individuals based on the relationship between production and practice of people. It includes both broad and narrow expressions, as well as cognitive and normative dimensions of understanding. It reveals the unity of opposites between individuals and communities, solves the theoretical differences of contemporary individual community relations, and is a “real solution” to the relationship between individuals and communities. It reflects the Marxist ethical pursuit and moral vision of fairness, justice and even higher moral values.