中国校园欺凌有效治理的影响因素及其优化路径

The Influencing Factors and Optimized Paths of Effective Governance of School Bullying in China

校园欺凌是国内外学校中颇为常见而又难以有效治理的问题。中国政府对校园欺凌治理高度重视,出台了诸多治理政策,并取得一定的治理成效。但由于校园欺凌治理的复杂性,治理实践仍然存在成效不理想等问题。搜集整理国内9起典型校园欺凌事件,分析治理过程中存在的现实问题,并基于街头官僚理论和政策执行系统模型构建分析框架,从治理人员、治理机构、治理环境、治理政策四个维度审视中国校园欺凌治理低效的生成逻辑。研究发现,要充分消解治理低效问题,必须加强治理人员尤其是基层治理人员的责任感,强化基层教育主管部门与学校等治理机构之间的联动,营造良好的支持环境,完善治理政策内容,从而为广大学生创造安全与和谐的校园环境。

School bullying is a common problem in schools at home and abroad and it is difficult to effectively manage. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the governance of school bullying, and has introduced many governance policies. Certain governance results have been achieved. However, due to the complexity of school bullying governance, there are still lots of problems, for example, unsatisfactory effect, in governance practices. Nine typical domestic school bullying incidents are collected and the actual problems in the governance process are analyzed. An analysis framework is built based on the Theory of Street-level Bureaucracy and Policy Implementation System Model. The generation logic of school bullying governance inefficiency is examined from four dimensions, including governance staff, governance institutions, governance environment and governance policies. In order to fully eliminate the problem of inefficient governance, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibility of governance staff especially grassroots administrators, reinforce the linkage among governance institutions such as grassroots educational authorities and schools, construct a favorable supporting surroundings and improve the content of governance policy, thereby creating a safe and harmonious campus environment for students.