候鸟迁徙通道对鸟兽多样性保护的潜在价值——以云南鸟道雄关为例

Potential Conservation Value of Protected Area Located at Migration Route for Birds and Mammals——A Case Study of Niaodaoxiongguan,Yunnan

为了更充分地发挥保护地的生态功能并因地制宜调整管理措施,亟需积极探索其除主要保护对象外的伞护效应或间接价值。由于巍山隆庆鸟道雄关州级自然保护区是以保护旅鸟为主的保护地,对其他生物类群关注较少,其生物本底资源不清。为掌握该保护区的鸟兽多样性现状,探讨候鸟迁徙通道在生物多样性保护中作用,采用样点法、样线法、红外相机陷阱法和环志法对保护区的鸟兽多样性进行了全季节的调查。结果显示:共纪录到鸟类15目51科255种;兽类7目13科14种。除了秋季旅鸟外,该保护区还可为113种留鸟,35种夏候鸟,24种冬候鸟,14种兽类提供栖息地,其中包括保护或受胁物种23种。该研究提供了巍山隆庆鸟道雄关保护区鸟兽多样性本底信息,可为国家新的自然保护地体系建设和整合提供重要数据;同时也提示了候鸟迁徙通道亦可对其他生物类群提供间接保护作用,建议保护管理部门加强全季节、多类群的监测与保护。

Most protected areas in China are usually established for a specific ecosystem, biota or threatened species, and the corresponding surveys and management mainly focus on specific targets. However, in addition to the restricted protected object(s), the protected area may have potential value for other ecosystem(s) or biological group(s). Therefore, in order to give full play to the ecological functions of the protected area and adjust the management measures, it is urgent to find its umbrella protection effect or indirect value for other biota. Weishan Longqing Niaodaoxiongguan Prefecture Nature Reserve(NDXG) was established for the protection of passenger birds, with less attention to other biota. In order to provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and know the umbrella effect of the bird migration channel for other biota, the annual diversity of birds and mammals was comprehensively surveyed by line transect, point count, infrared camera-trapping and bird-ringing methods. The results showed that a total of 255 bird species belonged to 15 orders and 51 families, and 14 mammal species belonged to 7 orders and 13 families were recorded. With the exception of migrants, NDXG can also provide habitats for 113 residents, 35 summer breeders, 24 winter visitors of bird species, and 14 mammal species. Among them, 23 species were listed in China’s national key protected animals or red list of vertebrates. This study provides relative comprehensive information on diversity of birds and mammals in NDXG, which can provide basic and scientific data for the construction and optimization of China’s new national nature reserve system. At the same time, it is implied that the protected area located at migration route for birds can also provide indirect habitats for other biota, and it is suggested that managers should strengthen the monitoring and protection throughout the whole seasons for more vertebrate conservation.