华北落叶松和樟子松人工林物种多样性差异研究

Study on the Species Diversity Difference of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica

为了揭示华北落叶松人工林和樟子松人工林林下的物种多样性差异,以位于我国温带地区塞罕坝自然保护区内20~30年生的华北落叶松和樟子松人工林为研究对象,在华北落叶松和樟子松人工林中分别设置3块标准地,记录了样地海拔、经纬度、坡度、坡位、坡向,测量记录了样地中所有灌木的物种名、坐标、基径、高度和冠幅。并在样地内均匀设置草本样方,调查样方内所有草本植物种的株数、高度、盖度、频度,结合方差分析等统计分析方法,阐明了华北落叶松和樟子松人工林对林下灌木和草本多样性的影响及不同的生物多样性指数在计算影响过程中的差异。结果表明:樟子松人工林下的金花忍冬和鹅观草为优势物种,而华北落叶松人工林下的优势物种为白榆,鼬瓣花和广布野豌豆;华北落叶松人工林下的草本植物多样性略高于樟子松人工林,樟子松人工林下的灌木多样性显著高于华北落叶松人工林;华北落叶松人工林中的香浓威纳指数,辛普森指数和皮洛格指数分别比樟子松人工林高了28.8%,20.5%和22.1%;樟子松人工林下的香浓威纳指数和辛普森指数比华北落叶松人工林分别高了51.5%,51.1%,华北落叶松人工林下的皮洛格指数比樟子松人工林高了26.2%。

In order to show the difference of species diversity between Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantation, this study takes the 20-30-year-old Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii Plantation at Saihanba Nature Reserve in temperate region of China as the research object. Standard plots have been established and the altitude, longitude and latitude, slope and slop-aspect of the sample plot are also recoded. The species name, coordinates, base diameter, height and crown width of all shrubs in the sample plot are measured. The herbaceous quadrats are set evenly in the sample plots and the number, height, coverage and frequency of all plant species in the quadrats are also be investigated. Statistical methods such as analysis of variance is used to present the impact of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii on the diversity of shrubs and herbs at the under story of the forest and the differences of various biodiversity indexes in the process. Lonicera chrysantha and Roegneria kamoji are the dominant species under the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation while the dominant species under the Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantation are Ulmus pumila, Galeopsis bifida and Vicia cracca. The diversity of herbaceous plants under Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantation is tiny higher than that in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, and the diversity of Shrubs under Pinus sylvestris plantation is significantly higher than that in Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantation. The fragrant Weiner index, Simpson index and pirogue index of herbaceous plants in Larix principis rupprechtii plantation were 28.8%, 20.5% and 22.1% higher than those in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, respectively. The Shannon Wiener index and Simpson index of Shrubs under Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation were 51.5% and 51.1% higher than that of Larix principis rupprechtii plantation respectively, and the pirogue index under Larix principis rupprechtii plantation was 26.2% higher than that of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation.