余庆县不同土地利用下碳汇量计算及生态系统保护对策

Carbon Sink Measurement and Ecosystem Conservation Strategy of Different Land Use in Yuqing County

社会发展建设工程对土地的扰动频繁,对生态系统造成不利影响,使得土地流转速度加快,耕地面积下降,湿地面积不断锐减。上述因素造成了余庆县土地利用格局变化明显。基于余庆县陆地生态系统土地利用情况的遥感统计数据,根据已有研究报道的不同土地利用下的碳汇碳密度指数,计算了该县的碳汇量,并对各不同类型碳汇量进行了对比,分析了各自的碳汇潜力。结果表明:森林碳汇量最大,为219.665万t,占全县碳汇总量的74.493%,显示出森林植被通过光合作用吸收CO_(2)的巨大潜力;其次为旱地(耕地)产生的碳汇,碳汇量达到了39.431万t,占全县碳汇总量的13.372%;湿地水生碳汇的量虽然少,但其碳密度却很大,且具有更新时间短,碳汇快等优势,潜力巨大,可进行人工调控增汇。在以上研究分析基础上,结合国家碳达峰碳中和政策精神以及生态系统发展的自然规律,相应地提出了3种陆地生态系统碳汇保护增加措施:(1)持续开展林业种植,做好林业保护;(2)稳定地表水域面积,开发水生碳汇;(3)建立长效监测体系,确保碳汇贡献,从科学和管理两方面为余庆县生态系统保护以及碳汇潜力开发提供支撑。

In recent years, social development and construction projects have frequently disturbed land and have adversely affected the ecosystem. Under the dual influence of economic development and human activities, the speed of land circulation is accelerating. The area of cultivated land is decreasing and the area of wetland is decreasing sharply. The above factors caused obvious changes of land use patterns in Yuqing County. Based on the remote sensing statistical data of land use in Yuqing County, this paper calculated the carbon sink of Yuqing County according to the carbon density index of carbon sink under different land use reported by previous studies. The different types of carbon sinks are compared, and their carbon sink potential is analyzed. Among them, the forest carbon sink was the largest(219.665 million tons), accounting for 74.493 % of the total carbon sink in the county, showing the great potential of forest vegetation to absorb CO_(2)through photosynthesis;The carbon sink generated by dry land(cultivated land) was 394.31 million tons, accounting for 13.372 % of the total carbon sinks;Although the amount of aquatic carbon sinks in wetlands was small, its carbon density was large. Besides, it had the advantages of short update time and fast carbon sinks, which offers the great potential and can be artificially regulated to increase carbonsink. On the basis of the above research and analysis, combined with the spirit of the national carbon peak and neutralization policy and the natural law of ecosystem development, three measures for increasing the carbon sink protection of terrestrial ecosystems were proposed accordingly:(1) continuing the strategy of forest plantation and protection;(2) stabilizing surface water area and developing aquatic carbon sink;(3)establishing a long-term monitoring system to ensure the contribution of carbon sinks. It provides support for ecosystem protection and carbon sink potential development in Yuqing County from the aspects of science and management.