汉中市近61年气候变化特征及高影响天气对策

Climate Change Characteristics and High Impact Weather Countermeasures in Hanzhong City in Recent 61 Years

为做好气象灾害精准防御,利用汉中市11个县区1961~2021年的气象观测资料,对汉中市主要气候指标变化趋势和高影响天气特征进行了分析。结果表明:近61年来,汉中市气温呈现波动升高趋势,降水量年代际变化明显;21世纪以来气温维持较高值,降水呈增多趋势;年降水强度呈现自南向北递减分布,降水时段分布不均,6~9月份降水量占全年的64%;汉中市的高影响天气主要有暴雨、高温、干旱、秋季连阴雨和强对流。针对汉中市高影响天气特征,提出了提高应急处置能力、防范极端气象灾害对粮食安全的威胁、提高气象监测预报预警能力和城市公共服务设施抗灾设防标准、加强科普等应对策略,以期为汉中市精准防灾减灾避灾提供参考。

In order to do a good job in the accurate prevention of meteorological disasters, the meteorological observation data of 11 counties and districts in Hanzhong City from 1961 to 2021 is used. The change trend of the main climate indicators and the characteristics of high impact weather in Hanzhong are analyzed. The results show that in the past 61 years, the temperature in Hanzhong City shown a fluctuating upward trend, and the precipitation has obvious interdecadal changes. Since the 21st century, the temperature has maintained a high value and the precipitation has increased. The annual precipitation intensity is decreasing from south to north, with uneven distribution of precipitation periods. The precipitation from June to September accounts for 64% of the whole year. The high impact weather in Hanzhong City mainly includes rainstorm, high temperature, drought, continuous rain in autumn and strong convection. In view of the characteristics of high impact weather in Hanzhong City, this paper puts forward countermeasures such as improving emergency response capability, preventing the threat of extreme meteorological disasters to food security, improving meteorological monitoring, forecasting early warning capabilities, improving the disaster resistance and defense standards of urban public service facilities, and strengthening science popularization, so as to provide reference for accurate disaster prevention, reduction and avoidance in Hanzhong City.