黄家湖水体大肠菌群数变化趋势及成因分析

Tendency and Causes Analysis of Coliform Number in the Huangjiahu Lake

水中粪大肠菌群数作为水体粪便污染的重要指标,可作为水体污染和环境卫生监测的重要依据之一。基于武汉科技大学给排水科学与工程专业本科生《水处理微生物学》创新实验,通过对黄家湖水体同一区域相近时段连续4年的采样调查,测定其中的粪大肠菌群数,并对结果进行了对照分析。2018~2021年分别为3.27×10^(4)个/L,3.77×10^(4)个/L,4.77×10^(4)个/L,2.33×10^(4)个/L。实验结果表明:总体上所测水样粪大肠菌群数值均远超湖泊Ⅲ类水质指标1×10^(4)个/L,特别是2020年大肠菌群数相比2019年高出26.5%,2021年则有所下降,查阅4年来黄家湖区域降雨量及周边功能区变化资料,初步分析了大肠菌群的污染来源,以及2020年出现峰值和2021年下降的原因,为黄家湖水体污染控制和污染治理提供一定参考。

The number of fecal coliforms in water is an important indicator of water fecal pollution, which can be used as one of the important basis for water pollution and environmental sanitation monitoring. Based on the innovative experiment of Water Treatment Microbiology for undergraduates majoring in water supply and drainage science and engineering in WUST, the number of fecal coliforms in the water body of Huangjiahu Lake was determined by sampling and surveying the same area of Huangjiahu Lake for four consecutive years in a similar period of time, and the results were analyzed. From 2018 to 2021, it was 3.27×10^(4)/L, 3.77×10^(4)/L, 4.77×10^(4)/L, and 2.33×10^(4)/L respectively. The experimental results show that: in general, the values of fecal coliforms in the water samples measured far exceed the lake class Ⅲ water quality index by 1×10^(4)/L. In particular, the number of coliforms in 2020 is 26.5% higher than that in 2019. But it decreased in 2021. After consulting the data on the rainfall in Huangjiahu Lake area and the changes in surrounding functional areas over the past four years, the pollution source of coliform bacteria was preliminarily analyzed, and the reasons for the peak in 2020 and the decline in 2021 were used for the control of water pollution in Huangjiahu Lake, which provides some reference for pollution control.