含硫尾矿及酸性矿山排水环境中次生矿物的形成及环境意义

Formation and Environmental Significance of Secondary Minerals in Sulfur bearing Tailings and Acid Mine Drainage Environment

在金属矿床开采及加工过程中,会产生数量巨大的含硫尾矿,含硫尾矿的自然堆放将会产生大量酸性矿山废水(AMD),含硫尾矿及AMD污染已在世界范围引起人们的广泛关注。大量的可溶性金属盐风化涂层以及赭色的铁的含水氢氧化物和氧化物沉淀等次生矿物是含硫尾矿污染环境中重要组成部分,对含硫尾矿风化、污染释放及环境污染过程都有显著影响,对污染效应及含硫矿山环境治理方面有重要指示意义;同时尾矿堆场环境下的气候条件、堆场尾矿质地和稳定性,以及堆场间隙水堆场水文特性对次生矿物的组成及形成速率方面有重要作用;本文中就含硫尾矿及AMD污染环境下次生矿物的以上方面作了简要论述,以期对含硫矿山污染有一定的初步认识,同时为后续的污染控制修复奠定前期理论基础。

In the process of mining and processing metal deposits, a large number of sulfur-containing tailings will be produced. The natural stacking of sulfur-containing tailings will produce a large amount of acid mine wastewater(AMD).The sulfur-containing tailings and AMD pollution have aroused widespread concern worldwide. A large number of soluble metal salt weathering coatings, ochre iron hydroxides and oxide precipitates and other secondary minerals are important components of the sulfur containing tailings pollution environment, which have a significant impact on the sulfur containing tailings weathering, pollution release and environmental pollution process, and have an important indicator significance on the pollution effect and environmental governance of sulfur containing mines;At the same time, the climatic conditions,the quality and stability of tailings in the tailings yard, and the hydrological characteristics of the interstitial water yard play an important role in the composition and formation rate of secondary minerals;In this paper, the above aspects of sulfurcontaining tailings and secondary minerals in AMD polluted environment are briefly discussed in order to have a preliminary understanding of sulfur-containing mine pollution and lay a preliminary theoretical foundation for subsequent pollution control and remediation.