城市公园声景观评价及影响因素研究——以昆明翠湖公园为例

Study on Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Urban Park Soundscape——A Case Study of Kunming Cuihu Park

以昆明市翠湖公园为例,通过实地数据测量和问卷调查的方法,进行声景观感知评价,并分析了其影响因素。利用ArcGIS软件生成声景观时空分布图,使声景观可视化,并应用SPSS 26.0软件进行了多角度分析。结果表明:(1)翠湖公园部分地点声环境质量需要改善,九龙池、水月轩、莲华禅寺、观鱼楼、聂耳塑像等处声压级超标现象显著;(2)工作日与休息日的声环境特征有较大差异。由于交通早高峰,工作日8:00~10:00时段声压级是一天的峰值,而休息日则在12:00~14:00达到峰值;(3)翠湖公园声景观结构良好,自然声源的优势度及和谐度占据主导地位;(4)游览体验与典型声源感知存在交互作用,自然声源可以显著提升游览的美学感受,人工声会对游览体验带来负面影响;(5)社会、人口及行为学特征会对典型声源感知产生一定影响,年龄因素对声源感知的影响最大,学历越高的人群对人工声的评价越低,性别及游览动机的不同也可以造成声源感知的差异。研究结论可以为城市公园声景观的优化提升提供理论参考依据。

Taking Cuihu Park in Kunming city as an example, this paper evaluated the perception of soundscape by field data measurement and questionnaire survey, and analyzed its influencing factors. ArcGIS software was used to generate the spatial and temporal map of soundscape in Cuihu Park, and SPSS 26.0 software was used for multi-angle analysis. The results show that:(1) The sound environment quality of some places in Cuihu Park needs to be improved. The sound pressure levels in Jiulong pool, Shuiyuexuan, Lianhua temple, fish watching building, Nie Er statue and other places exceed the standard significantly;(2) There are great differences in the characteristics of acoustic environment between weekdays and rest days. Due to the morning traffic peak, SPL is the peak of a day from 8:00 to 10:00 on weekdays, and the peak of a day is from 12:00 to 14:00 on rest days;(3) The overall soundscape of Cuihu Park is good, and the dominance degree and harmony degree of natural sound sources occupy a dominant position;(4) There is interaction between tourist experience and typical sound source perception. Natural sound sources can significantly improve the aesthetic experience of the tour, while artificial sound will have a negative impact on the tour experience;(5) Social, demographic and behavioral characteristics have certain influence on the perception of typical sound sources. Age has the greatest influence on the perception of sound source. The group with higher education level has lower evaluation of artificial sound, and the difference of tourists’ gender and motivation can cause the difference of the perception of sound source. The conclusion can provide theoretical reference for the optimization and improvement of soundscape in urban parks.