非爆破岩理论和技术发展与展望

Development and prospect of non-blasting rock breakage theory and technology

地下资源开采及地下空间开发利用规模不断加大,促使非爆破岩技术得到了长足发展,并衍生出机械刀具破岩、水力破岩、微波破岩、热冲击破岩、膨胀破岩、联合破岩等技术。本文阐述了各类非爆破岩理论,并综述了各类非爆破岩技术的发展与应用进程。针对目前非爆破岩技术的发展瓶颈和面临的挑战,展望了非爆破岩理论与技术的发展方向。为满足深地战略重大需求,非爆破岩亟需完成理论突破、技术变革、设备升级,以实现复杂地质环境下坚硬岩石的安全、高效、经济、智能及绿色破碎。

The continuous increase in the scale of underground resource mining and underground space development and utilization have promoted the rapid development of non-blasting rock breakage technologies,such as mechanical,hydraulic,microwave,thermal impact,expansion,combined and other rock breakage methods.This paper expounded various non-blasting rock breakage theories,and summarized the development and application processes of various non-blasting rock breakage technologies.Aiming at the current bottleneck and challenges of non-blasting rock breakage,the development direction of non-blasting rock breakage theory and technology was prospected.In order to meet the major requirements of“deep-ground”strategies,non-blasting rock breakage urgently needs to complete theoretical breakthroughs,technological changes,and equipment upgrades to achieve safe,efficient,economical,intelligent and green breakage of hard rocks in complex geological environments.