珍稀保护植物江西杜鹃分布区模拟分析

Simulation analysis of the distribution area of protected plants Rhododendron kiangsiense

江西杜鹃(Rhododendron kiangsiense)多生于海拔1000 m左右的山坡上,数量稀少,2021年被列为国家二级重点保护植物。有效分析并掌握江西杜鹃的分布情况是进行物种调查和精准保护的前提。本研究利用江西杜鹃历史分布信息,结合20个环境因子参数,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)生态位模型对江西杜鹃的适生区进行预测,并分析影响江西杜鹃分布和适生性的关键因子及其适生区间。结果表明:(1)江西杜鹃的最适分布区主要集中在湖南西南部和南部,江西西北部、西南部和西部,浙江西南部、东南部和南部,福建北部和西北部,中国台湾东北部,在广西壮族自治区北部也有少量分布;(2)影响江西杜鹃分布的主要环境因子包括:最湿季度平均温度(贡献率30.7%)、最冷月最低温(贡献率21.3%)、最冷季度平均温度(贡献率14%)、最干季度降水量(贡献率10.6%)、海拔(贡献率8.1%),总的贡献率为84.7%;(3)分别建立上述5个环境因子的MaxEnt模型,结果显示江西杜鹃最适宜生长在海拔1000~1400 m、最干季节降水量范围在110~320 mm、最冷月最低温在-5℃~3℃范围内、最湿季节平均温度在8℃~22℃、最冷季度平均温度在-4℃~4℃范围内的地区。研究结果可为后续对江西杜鹃的野外调查、保护管理、保护生物学研究提供依据。

Rhododendron kiangsiense(RHK)is mostly grow in the hillside at an altitude of about 1000 meters with a rare number.The species name after Jiangxi was listed as the second-class national key protected plant in 2021.Effective analysis and mastery of the distribution of RHK is the premise of species investigation and precise protection.In this study,based on the historical distribution information of RHK combined with 20 environmental factors,the Maximum Entropy Niche Model(MaxEnt)was used to predict the suitable growth areas of RHK and the key factors affecting the distribution and suitability were analyzed.The RHK mainly concentrated in the southwest and south of Hunan;northwest,southwest and west of Jiangxi;southwest,southeast,and south of Zhejiang;north and northwest of Fujian;northeast of Taiwan;and a small part in the north of Guangxi.The main environmental factors affecting the distribution of RHK include:average temperature of the wettest quarter(contribution rate is 30.7%),the lowest temperature of the coldest month(21.3%),average temperature of the coldest quarter(14%),precipitation of driest quarter(10.6%),altitude(8.1%),and the total rate of contribution was 84.7%.MaxEnt model of the above five environmental factors were established respectively,and the results showed that RHK is most suitable to grow in the altitude of 1000~1600m,the range of precipitation in the driest season is 110~320 mm,the range of lowest temperature in the coldest month is-5℃~3℃,the average temperature in the wettest season is 8℃~22℃,and the average temperature in the coldest season is-4℃~4℃.The results can provide convenience and basis for further research,utilization and protection of RHK.