道家学派的个体性观照

The Individuality of Taoist School

在社会组织理论中,个体与群体关系可谓是绕不开的基本问题。相对来说,儒家比较注重群体性,道家学派比较注重个体性。老子和庄子赞美婴儿品格,彰显自然个体性;黄老之学主张“无为而治”,彰显政治个体性;玄学重视本体论思考,彰显生存个体性;道教以宗教形式延续道家学脉,彰显宗教个体性。

In the theory of social organization, the relationship between individuals and groups can be said to be a basic problem that cannot be circumvented. Comparatively speaking, Confucianism pays more attention to group, while Taoism pays more attention to individuality. Laozi and Chuangzi praised the character of babies and showed their natural individuality. Huangdi and Laozi’s theory advocates “governing by doing nothing”, which highlights the political individuality. Metaphysics attaches importance to ontological thinking, highlighting the individuality of existence. Taoism continues the learning of Taoism in the form of religion, highlighting the religious individuality.