“男性婚姻焦虑”的规范预设与民间婚姻制度的持续博弈——西南少数民族“外甥钱”到瑶麓“议牛婚”的法人类学解释

The Normative Presupposition of“Men’s Anxiety About Marriage”and the Continued Game of Folk Marriage System——A Legal Anthropological Interpretation from the“Nephew Money”of Southwest Minorities to Yaolu’s“Discussion on Niu Marriage”

长期以来,无论是政府史志、学者论著还是群众认知,对黔桂交界月亮山区姑舅表婚形成的“议牛婚”,特别是荔波瑶麓青瑶“九头牛婚”的研究都定性为对女性压迫及对其婚姻自主权的限制与剥夺。通过充分分析民间法制史资料和习惯规则文化解释角度,发现“九头牛婚”等民间习惯规则实际反映的是生产力落后条件下,对男性婚配权的确保及女性对婚姻自主权争取的冲突,而解决冲突促进当地婚配秩序良性循环与协调发展的有效途径,是民族地区“婚姻包办”与婚姻自觉过程中民间习惯规则的支撑与国家法及其实施机关的引导之间的博弈。

For a long time,whether it is government histories,scholarly works,or public cognition,the“Marriage Based on the Discussion of Bulls”,especially the“Nine Bulls Marriage”have been characterized as the oppression of women and the restriction and deprivation of their marital autonomy.“Marriage Based on Discussing Bulls”refers to the Moon Hill area on the border of Guizhou and Guangxi,the aunt’s daughter must marry the uncle’s son,and the marriage is determined by discussing the number of bulls.“Nine Bulls Marriage”means that in Libo Yaolu Qingyao,if the aunt’s daughter does not marry the uncle’s son,she needs to use nine cows as compensation.Through a full analysis of the historical materials of the folk legal system and the cultural interpretation of the customary law,it is found that the“Nine Bulls Marriage”and other folk customary laws actually reflect the conflict between the guarantee of male matrimonial rights and women’s struggle for the autonomy of marriage under the conditions of backward productivity.The effective way to resolve conflicts and promote the virtuous circle and coordinated development of local marriage order is the game between the support of folk customary law in the process of“marriage arrangement”and marriage consciousness in ethnic areas and the guidance of national law and its implementing agencies.