西南少数民族节庆仪式中的血祭及其人类学解读

Blood Sacrifice in the Festival Ceremony of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China and Its Anthropological Interpretation

我国西南少数民族地区目前尚保留古老的血祭传统,在苗族、侗族等举行的大型节日庆典鼓藏节、喊天节中,血祭是极其重要的环节。与中原地区的经典道教、佛教等相比,西南地区的血祭环节中依然存在着吃血现象。血祭与吃血遂成为这一地区族群的特殊标志。论文从人类学的视角,对这一地区的血祭与吃血现象进行解读。认为通过血祭与吃血,既可以打造族群的集体心智和文化逻辑体系,也可以完成族群对集体历史范式的加深,并重塑集体生活的秩序化。从某种意义上说,血祭与吃血成为宗教信仰与族群认同的标志性符号。

At present,the ancient tradition of blood sacrifice is still preserved in ethnic minority regions in Southwest China.Blood sacrifice is an extremely important link in the large-scale festival celebrations,Gu Zang Festival and"Praying-to-God"Festival held by Miao People and Dong People.Compared with the classic Taoism and Buddhism in the Central Plains,the phenomenon of eating blood still exists in the blood sacrifice link in the southwest.Blood sacrifice and eating blood became a special symbol of ethnic groups in this area.From the perspective of anthropology,this paper interprets the phenomenon of blood sacrifice and blood eating in this area.It is believed that through blood sacrifice and eating blood,we can not only build the collective mental and cultural logic system of the ethnic group,but also deepen the historical paradigm of the ethnic group and reshape the order of collective life.In a sense,blood sacrifice and blood eating have become symbols of religious belief and ethnic identity.