民族地区宏观高等教育质量分类评价研究

Research on Classified Evaluation of Macro-Higher Education Quality in Ethnic Areas of China

分类评价是高等教育普及化阶段的必然趋势。文章采用类型分析法和数理模型法,首先,将高等教育系统划分为“两类三层”,即学术类和应用类,研究层、应用技术层和应用技能层,并制定标准对民族地区高校进行了划分,发现省域类型结构存在一定失衡。其次,发现第三方排名指标体系及其权重分配更适用于评价研究型高校而非所有类型,改进已有方法测算了民族地区省域研究型子系统宏观质量,发现人口因素影响较大,要么系统自身质量较高但人均质量偏低,要么相反;进一步发现多数省区存在数量与质量不平衡的矛盾。故此,需因省施策,促进类型结构合理化;推动学术语汇向政策语汇转化,促进高校命名合理化;理性认知大学排名,有效实施分类评价;平衡数量与质量,推动高质量发展。

Classified evaluation is an inevitable trend g in the universal higher education.Using the method of type analysis and mathematical model,firstly,the higher education system is divided into“two types and three layers”,the higher education system is divided into“two types and three layers”,namely academic and applied,research,applied technology and applied skills.Formulating standards to classify colleges and universities in ethnic areas,and it turns out that there is a certain imbalance in the provincial type structure.Secondly,it is found that the index system and its weight distribution adopted by the third-party ranking are more suitable for evaluating research-level universities rather than all levels of universities.On this basis,the existing methods are improved to measure the macro-quality of the provincial research subsystems in ethnic areas.Found that population factors have a greater impact on most provinces,either the quality of the system itself is high but the per capita quality is low,or vice versa;it is further found that most provinces have a contradiction between quantity and quality.Therefore,it is necessary to implement policies based on the conditions of each province to promote the rationalization of the type structure;it is necessary to promote the conversion of academic terms to policy vocabulary,and to name each type of colleges and universities reasonably;it is necessary to effectively implement classification evaluation,especially to change the way of thinking and evaluate the quality of applied skill-based subsystems according to the coordination degree between higher education and industrial structure;finally,it is necessary to comprehensively consider quantity and quality to promote the high-quality development of higher education in ethnic areas.