我国学士学位制度的演进逻辑与困境反思——基于本科教育改革的视角

On the Evolution Logic and Dilemma of the Bachelor’s Degree System in China——Based on the Perspective of Undergraduate Education Reform

1981年《中华人民共和国学位条例》颁布之后,新中国的学士学位制度才正式确立。四十余年来,我国学士学位制度体系的演进逻辑表现为:以人才培养为目标的动力机制、以社会需求为重心的价值取向、以层级管理为依托的过程保障和以政治话语为主导的文化规制。作为本科教育改革的抓手,基于学士学位内涵窄化、类型结构失衡、授予标准泛化、能力信号失灵等问题,今后学士学位制度改革应以学位法统筹本科人才培养的目标定位,以学士专业学位推动技术技能人才培养,以学位授予标准保障本科人才培养质量,以荣誉学士学位激发本科人才培养活力。

Only after the promulgation of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Academic Degrees in 1981 was the bachelor’s degree system in China formally established. Over the past 41 years, the evolution logic of China’s bachelor’s degree system is manifested as follows: the dynamic mechanism aiming at talent cultivation, the value orientation focusing on social demand, the process guarantee based on hierarchical management, and the cultural regulation dominated by political discourse. As the gripper of undergraduate education reform, based on the problems such as the narrowing connotation, imbalance of type structure, generalization of awarding criteria and failure of ability signal, the bachelor degree system reform should coordinate the undergraduate talent training target with degree law, promote technical skills personnel training with bachelor’s professional degree, guarantee the quality with proper degree awarding standard, and stimulate its vitality with honorary bachelor’s degree.