基于光纤传感的结构变形实时监测技术研究

Research on Real-Time Monitoring Technology of Structural Deformation Based on Optical Fiber Sensing

针对变弯度机翼后缘开展变形测试研究,变弯度后缘属于变弯度机翼的一部分,可根据飞行状态来改变翼型弯度,获得最优的气动外形。相对于刚性变形翼后缘,其变形曲线更光滑,且重量更轻,可显著提高飞行器的升阻比,降低燃油消耗,增强飞行器的稳定性和机动性。如果在飞机飞行过程中能够实时测试变弯度机翼后缘的形状变化,可以对给定目标形状的变形机构进行闭环控制,为飞机结构设计和变形机构调节提供数据支撑。本文介绍了变弯度机翼的优势、国外现状、变弯度后缘相对于刚性变形翼后缘的优点、结构变形常规测试手段存在的短板,并分析了光纤光栅用于应变、变形测试的技术原理,开展了光纤变形传感器、支撑件的设计和变形传感器研制的关键技术研究。提出了光纤应变—变形算法、曲率重构算法,在理论和试验上进行了算法验证,最后将光纤变形传感技术在机翼后缘上开展了应用验证,可以很好地实现机翼后缘的变形测试。

The deformation test research is carried out on the trailing edge of the wing with variable bend.The trailing edge of the wing with variable bend is a part of the wing with variable bend.The bending of the airfoil can be changed according to the flight state to obtain the optimal aerodynamic profile.Compared with the rigid deformed wing trailing edge,the deformation curve is smoother,and the weight is lighter,which can significantly improve the lift-drag ratio of aircraft,reduce fuel consumption,and enhance the stability and maneuverability of aircraft.If the shape change of the trailing edge of the wing with variable bending can be tested in real time during the flight,the closed-loop control of the deformation mechanism with given target shape can be carried out to provide data support for the aircraft structure design and the adjustment of the deformation mechanism.This paper introduces the advantages of variable camber wing,abroad condition,the advantages of variable camber trailing edge relative to the deformation of rigid wing trailing edge,the disadvantages of structural deformation of conventional test methods,and analyzes the technology principle of fiber Bragg grating used for strain and deformation test.Research on the key technologies of optical fiber deformation sensor,sensor support structures design and deformation sensors is carried out.The optical fiber straindeformation algorithm and curvature reconstruction algorithm are proposed,and the algorithm is verified theoretically and experimentally.Finally,the optical fiber deformation sensing technology is applied to the trailing edge of the wing,which can realize the deformation test of the trailing edge of the wing.