政策工具视角下传染病防控政策研究

Research on infectious disease prevention and control policy from the perspective of policy tools

目的 探讨我国传染病防控政策的侧重点与不足,为后续传染病防控政策的优化提供建议。方法 以“传染病”“传染病防治”“传染病防控”为关键词,在中国政府网、国家卫生健康委员会官方网站、北大法宝网站进行检索。政策工具视角下构建政策工具(X)-系统论(Y)的二维分析框架。结果 对2003—2020年的103份传染病防控政策文本进行梳理和研究发现,政策工具使用不合理:权威型工具使用较为频繁,其占比为50.71%;激励型工具使用不足,其占比为2.92%;系统变革型工具使用较少,其占比为0.80%;象征和劝诫型工具占比为21.59%;能力建设型工具占比为23.98%。内外子模型分布不均衡:内部子模型占比为64.56%,外部子模型占比为35.44%。结论 均衡使用政策工具,使其多元化,优化政策工具使用频率,最大限度地发挥政策效力。均衡发挥系统内外部子模型功效,重视外部子模型的使用,优化各子模型内部的使用,提升政策总体效果。

ObjectiveTo explore the focus and shortcomings of China’s infectious disease prevention and control policies, and provide suggestions for the optimization of the follow-up infectious disease prevention and control policies.MethodsThe keywords, such as “infectious diseases”“prevention and control of infectious diseases” and“prevention and control of infectious diseases” were searched on the Chinese government website, the official website of the National Health Commission and the magic weapon website of Peking University. From the perspective of policy tools, a two-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools(X)-system theory(Y) was constructed.ResultsThrough sorting and studying 103 policy texts of infectious disease prevention and control from 2003 to 2020, it was found that the use of policy tools was unreasonable. Authoritative tools were frequently used, accounting for 50.71%. The use of incentive tools was insufficient, accounting for 2.92%. The use of systemic transformational tools was less, accounting for0.80%. The proportion of symbolic and admonishing tools was 21.59%. The proportion of capacity-building tools was23.98%. The distribution of internal and external submodules was unbalanced. The proportion of internal submodules was 64.56%, and the proportion of external submodules was 35.44%.ConclusionIt is suggested to balance the use of policy tools, make them diversified, optimize the frequency of use of policy tools, and maximize the effectiveness of policy, balance the internal and external sub models of the system, pay attention to the use of external sub models,optimize the internal use of each sub model, and improve the overall effect of the policy.