黑龙江省老年人健康状况及影响因素分析

Study on the health situation and the influencing factors of the elderly in Heilongjiang Province

目的 了解黑龙江省65岁以上老年人健康状况及影响因素,为制定有针对性的老年人健康管理措施提供参考依据。方法 2019年12月—2020年3月,采用整群随机抽样方法,选取黑龙江省31个城市社区、5个农村社区的65岁及以上常住居民为调查对象,通过电子问卷和纸质问卷进行调查。结果 多因素二元logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>80~90岁(OR=1.24)、女性(OR=1.59)、独居(OR=1.25)、有日常工作(OR=2.50)、吸烟(OR=1.38)是老年人健康的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有娱乐活动(OR=0.60)、有重大事故恢复能力(OR=0.74)、有医疗保险(OR=0.87)、饮酒(OR=0.65)、饮食清淡(OR=0.67)是老年人健康的保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 要通过完善相关的制度和政策,积极稳妥地应对老龄化挑战;重点关注独居、孤寡、高龄老年人的生活和身体状况;引导老年人树立正确的健康观,建立完善的老年人医疗保障体系。

ObjectiveTo know the health situation of elderly over 65 years old and the influencing factors, to propose targeted measures to promote the health management measures for the elderly.MethodsCluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents over 65 years old in 31 urban communities and 5 rural communities in Heilongjiang Province as the survey subjects. Electronic and paper questionnaire were used to investigate the present situation.ResultsMultivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that age >80~90 years old(OR=1.24), female(OR=1.59), living alone(OR=1.25), having daily work(OR=2.50) and smoking(OR=1.38) were the risk factors for the health of the elderly, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Recreational activities(OR=0.60), ability to recover from serious accidents(OR=0.74), medical insurance(OR=0.87), alcohol consumption(OR=0.65), and light diet(OR=0.67) were protective factors for the health of the elderly, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).ConclusionIt is suggested to perfect related system and policy, actively and steadily cope with the challenges of aging,focus on the living and physical situation of the elderly who live alone, guide them to establish correct health value, and establish perfect medical insurance system of the elderly.