2013—2020年青岛市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiologic and etiologic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao City from 2013 to 2020

目的 了解2013—2020年青岛市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征,为制定手足口病防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的2013—2020年青岛市手足口病数据进行分析。结果 2013—2020年青岛市共报告手足口病78 188例,年均报告发病率为107.02/10万。趋势性χ^(2)检验发现,手足口病发病率与发病年份存在线性趋势(Z=7.00,P=0.008<0.05),流行趋势呈现“单峰”模式。手足口病病例的男女性别比为1.50∶1,主要集中在0~4岁儿童,占81.56%,以散居儿童为主。2013—2020年共采集病例标本7 119份,检出阳性4 284份,阳性率为60.18%,其中,EV71型占25.86%,CA16型占24.58%,其他型占49.56%。结论 青岛市手足口病流行具有明显的时间、地区和人群特征,病原学中的优势毒株由EV71型转为其他型,CA16型存在一定的波动性,应进一步加强病原学监测。

Objective To know the epidemiological and etiologic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Qingdao City from 2013 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for hand,foot and mouth disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the data of HFMD in Qingdao City in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2013 to 2020.Results 78 188 cases of HFMD were reported, with average annual incidence of 107.02/100 000. The trend χ^(2)test was used to find that there was a linear trend between the incidence rate and the year of onset(Z=7.00, P=0.008<0.05). There was one peak of HFMD incidence. The ratio of male to female was 1.50:1. 81.56% patients were 0~4 years old. The majority of patients were scattered children. A total of 7 119 samples were tested from 2013 to 2020, and the positive rate was 60.18%. Among the positive samples, the proportion of EV71, CA16 and other enteroviruses accounted for 25.86%, 24.58%, and 49.56%.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Qingdao City has obvious characteristics of time, population and region. The dominated pathogen changed from EV71 to other enteroviruses, and CA16 showed certain fluctuation. The surveillance of pathogen should be strengthened.