2010—2020年中国大陆金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的食源性疾病暴发事件归因分析

Attribution analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin in China’s Mainland from 2010 to 2020

目的 分析我国金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征。方法 收集整理2010—2020年国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统和文献检索的数据,对金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的暴发事件进行归因分析。结果 共纳入2010—2020年食源性疾病暴发事件703起(监测系统694起,文献数据9起),单维度归因分析发现原因食品中肉类食品最高,占28.3%(199/703),主要引发环节中因食品存储不当最高,占15.2%(107/703),主要发生场所中餐饮服务场所最高,占85.2%(599/703);多维度分析结果显示,华东地区各季节事件发生数均最多。除肉类食品外,我国华东和华南地区主要原因食品还有糕点类食品和米面食品,这两种食品多以存储不当而引发。发生在餐饮服务场所的暴发事件中肉类食品和米面食品主要是由于加工时污染致病因子引发,而糕点类食品主要是由于存储不当引发。结论 由金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引发的食源性疾病以肉类食品高发,应对餐饮服务场所、食品加工、储存等环节加强监管,降低发病风险。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of trigger factors of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin in China.Methods The data from the national foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system and literature from 2010 to 2020 were collected and sorted out,and the data of Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin was analyzed.Results A total of 703 outbreaks from 2010 to 2020 were included(694 in the monitoring system and 9 in the literature). Single latitude attribution analysis found that meat accounted for 28. 3%(199/703)of the causal foods,improper storage accounted for 15. 2%(107/703)during the whole process,and catering service places accounted for 85. 2%(599/703)of the occouring places. The results of multi-dimensional analysis showed that the number of events in each season was the largest in Eastern China. In addition to meat,pastry food and rice flour food were the main cause in eastern and southern China,which were mostly caused by improper storage. Among the outbreaks that occurred in catering service places,meat and flour rice food were mainly caused by improper processing,while pastry food was mainly caused by improper storage.Conclusion The incidence of foodborne diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin is high in meat products. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of catering service places,food processing,storage and other sectors to reduce the risk of morbidity.