我国中部某脱贫县小学生食物摄入情况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of food intake and its influential factors among primary school students in a poverty-alleviation county in central China

目的 分析我国中部某脱贫县小学生的主要食物摄入情况及其影响因素,为改善我国学生营养健康状况提供基础数据。方法 在我国中部某脱贫县的城镇和乡村分别抽取2所小学,随机抽取674名二至四年级小学生。通过“学生调查表”收集主要食物摄入频率、家庭及个人状况。结果 仅12.9%的小学生肉类摄入频率达到1次/d及以上,18.5%的小学生蛋类摄入达到1个/d及以上,8.2%的小学生奶类及奶制品摄入达到1包/d及以上;9.8%的小学生大豆及其制品摄入达到1次/d及以上,13.4%的小学生水果摄入频率达到1次/d及以上,还有22.8%的小学生摄入蔬菜达到3种/d及以上。不同受教育程度的母亲其子女摄入蛋类、水果有统计学意义(P<0.05);在城镇和乡村之间奶制品、大豆及其制品、水果及蔬菜的摄入情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,城镇上学的小学生相对于乡村,肉类摄入达到每周4次及以上的OR值为2.618(95%CI:1.364~5.027,P<0.05);母亲高中及以上受教育程度相对于初中及以下,蛋类摄入达到每周4个及以上的OR值为2.508(95%CI:1.314~4.784,P<0.05)。结论 我国中部某脱贫县小学生的肉蛋奶等动物性食物摄入明显不足,尤其是乡村地区,且摄入情况可能与母亲受教育程度有关。建议针对小学生及其母亲开展合理膳食相关的指导。

Objective To provide scientific basis for improving the nutrition and health status of Chinese students,the status of main food intake and its influencing factors of primary school students in a poverty-alleviation county in central China were analyzed.Methods A total of 674 students from grade two to grade four were randomly selected from 2 primary schools in urban and rural areas of a poverty-alleviation county in central China. The frequency of major food intake,family and personal status of 674 students were collected by student questionnaire.Results Only 12. 9% of the students in povertyalleviation county ate meat more than once per day,18. 5% of the students consumed more than one egg per day,8. 2% of the students consumed 1 package or more of dairy products per day,9. 8% of the students consumed soy products once or more per day,13. 4% of the students ate more than 1 time of fruit per day,and 22. 8% of the students ate more than 3 kinds of vegetables per day. The intake frequencies of eggs and fruits were significantly different among different education levels of their mothers(P<0. 05). The intake frequencies of dairy products,soy products,fruits and vegetables were significantly different between urban and rural areas(P<0. 05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that urban students were more likely to eat meat 4 or more times per week(OR=2. 618,95%CI:1. 364~5. 027,P<0. 05),and students whose mothers had a high school education or above were more likely to eat eggs 4 or more times per week(OR=2. 508,95%CI:1. 314~4. 784,P<0. 05).Conclusion The intake of meat,eggs and milk was insufficient for primary school students in a povertyalleviation county in China,especially in rural areas,and the intake frequency were related to the education level of mothers.Measures should be taken to provide guidance on proper diet for primary school students and their mothers.