我国现制饮料微生物污染状况研究

Research progress on the microbiological contamination of prepared beverage in China

目的 了解我国目前现制饮料中微生物的污染状况。方法 使用随机抽样原则在我国具有代表性的饭店、饮品店、快餐店、集体学校食堂等采集现制饮料和食用冰,共计3 583份,采用国标方法检测菌落总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌。结果 菌落总数>10^(5)CFU/mL所占比例为8.42%,大肠菌群>102MPN/mL所占比例为19.32%,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为2.56%,沙门菌检出率为0.09%,计数结果均<10^(2)MPN/mL。蛋白类饮品污染状况最严重,菌落总数与大肠菌群检出比例最高,菌落总数>10^(5)CFU/mL和大肠菌群>102MPN/mL所占比例分别为21.35%和32.97%。3—5月现制饮料的卫生状况最差,菌落总数>10^(5)CFU/mL所占比例最高,为14.80%。不同采样地点中饭店、酒店的金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高为5.24%。结论 我国现制饮料的食品安全状况总体较好,但相关部门也应加强加工场所卫生状况的监督抽查。

Objective To investigate the microbial contamination of prepared beverage in China.Methods According to the principle of random sampling,3 583 samples of prepared beverage and edible ice were collected from representative restaurants,beverage shops,fast food restaurants and collective school canteenagers in municipalities and autonomous regions of China.The total number of bacteria,coliform bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were detected by the national standard method.Results Total colonies of 8.42%of the product were greater than 10^(5)CFU/mL,coliforms of 19.32%of the products were greater than 10^(2)MPN/mL.The detection rates of S.aureus and Salmonella were 2.56%and 0.09%,respectively,which were lower than 10^(2)MPN/mL.The contamination in protein drinks was the most serious,the ratios of total colonies over 10^(5)CFU/mL and coliforms over 10^(2)MPN/mL were 21.35%and 32.97%,respectively.From March to May,the sanitary condition of prepared beverages was the worst,and the ratio of total number of colonies greater than 10^(5)CFU/mL was 14.80%.The highest detection rate of S.aureus was 5.24%in restaurants and hotels.Conclusion The food safety status of current prepared beverage is generally good,but related departments should also strengthen the supervision and inspection of the processing place.