城市居民自治制度何以自我发展和完善——基于动力机制和变迁逻辑的回顾与考察

Why the Grass-roots Self-management System of Urban Residents Can Self-perfection and Self-development:Review and Inspection Based on Dynamic mechanism and Change Logic

城市居民自治是国内基层治理研究关注的重要议题。但从自治制度的视角出发,对城市居民自治制度何以自我发展和完善视角的考察仍较为鲜见。关于城市居民自治实践模式的类型学分析,相关研究形成了“两类说”“三类说”以及“四类说”等分类模式;关于城市居民自治制度自我发展和完善的动力机制,相关研究形成了基于历史制度主义的路径依赖论、基于理性选择分析的利益互动论、基于社会学文化分析的社会资本论、基于马克思主义政治学的制度优势论以及基于后现代主义的权力空间论等代表性观点;关于城市居民自治制度自我发展和完善的变迁逻辑,相关研究呈现从“自治制度”转向“治理制度”、从“权威组织”转向“多元组织”、从“行政主导”转向“党建引领”以及从“精英参与”转向“民主参与”的基本趋势。目前在城市居民自治制度研究中,仍然存在着分析框架的二元对立倾向致使研究缺乏整体视角、理论视角的本土化不足致使经验与理论难以对话、研究方法的丰富性不足致使研究结论代表性受限等问题。为此,要从主体、结构和路径三个层面出发系统构建推进新时代城市居民自治制度自我完善和发展的全面方案。

Urban residents’ autonomy is an important topic of domestic grass-roots governance research.However,from the perspective of the autonomy system,it is still rare to see how the urban residents’ autonomy system can self-perfection and self-development. On the typological analysis of the practice mode of urban residents’ autonomy,the relevant research has formed the classification modes of “two classifications”,“three classifications”and “four classifications”. With regard to the dynamic mechanism for the self-perfection and self-development of the urban residents’ autonomy system,relevant studies have formed representative views such as path dependence theory based on historical institutionalism,interest interaction theory based on rational choice analysis,social capital theory based on sociological and cultural analysis,institutional advantage theory based on Marxist politics,and power space theory based on post-modernism. With regard to the change logic of self-perfection and self-development of the urban residents’ autonomy system,relevant studies have shown the basic trend of changing from“autonomy system”to “governance system”,from “authoritative organization”to“multiple organizations”,from “administrative leadership”to “party building guidance”,and from “elite participation”to “democratic participation”. At present,in the research of urban residents’ autonomy system,there are still some problems,such as the dualistic opposition tendency of the analytical framework,the lack of an overall perspective,the lack of localization of the theoretical perspective,the difficulty in dialogue between experience and theory,the lack of richness of research methods,and the limited representativeness of research conclusions. Therefore,it is necessary to systematically build a comprehensive plan to promote the self-perfection and self-development of urban residents’ autonomy system in the new era from the three levels of subject,structure and path.