基于生态安全格局的海岛型城市生态保护修复关键区域识别——以福州市海坛岛为例

Ecological Protection and Restoration of Island-type Cities based on Ecological Security Pattern Identification of Key Areas——taking Haitan Island in Fuzhou as an Example

海岛是海洋国土的重要组成部分,海岛生态保护是海洋保护的前提。海岛型城市生态安全格局的构建能够从系统层面对海岛生态进行有效治理,维护岛内生态系统稳定性。本研究以海坛岛为例,利用生态系统服务重要性和景观连通性构建海岛型生态安全格局识别生态源地、生态廊道、景观战略点、生态敏感区和生境退化区,为海岛型城市生态保护修复关键区域识别提供依据。结果表示:(1)研究区生物多样性保护源地39.95 km^(2),水源涵养服务源地8.54 km^(2),水土保持服务源地7.87 km^(2),土地生产力服务源地42.86 km^(2),沿海灾害防护源地14.91 km^(2),综合生态源地97.13 km^(2),景观类型主要为林地和水域;(2)研究区一级生态源地37.74 km^(2)、潜在一级生态廊道66条,总长11.28 km,二级生态源地59.39 km^(2),潜在二级生态廊道50条,总长12.12 km,景观战略点54个,生态敏感区66.07 km^(2)和生境退化区22.16 km^(2);(3)未来可以通过划定生态保育区的方式加强对重要生态源地、廊道和景观战略点的保护与监督,对生态敏感区和生境退化区进行相应的生态修复工作。研究结果可为海坛岛未来的生态保护与修复工作提供参考。

Island is an important part of marine land,and island ecological protection is the premise of marine protection.The construction of the ecological security pattern of island-type cities can effectively manage the island ecology from the system level and maintain the stability of the island ecosystem.Taking Haitan Island as an example,this study uses the importance of ecosystem services and landscape connectivity to construct an island-type ecological security pattern to identify ecological sources,ecological corridors,landscape strategic points,ecologically sensitive areas and habitat degradation areas,and is an island-type city.Provide basis for identification of key areas for ecological protection and restoration.The results show that:(1)The biodiversity conservation source in the study area is 39.95 km^(2),the water conservation service source is 8.54 km^(2),the soil and water conservation service source is 7.87 km^(2),the land productivity service source is 42.86 km^(2),and the coastal disaster protection source is 14.91 km^(2).The ecological source area is 97.13km^(2),and the landscape types are mainly woodland and water;(2)The first-level ecological source area in the study area is 37.74 km^(2),and there are 66 first-level ecological corridors,with a total length of 11.28 km,and the second-level ecological source area is 59.39 km^(2).There are 50 corridors with a total length of 12.12 km,54 strategic landscape points,66.07 km^(2)of ecologically sensitive areas and 22.16 km^(2)of habitat degradation areas;(3)In the future,the delineation of ecological conservation areas can be used to strengthen the identification of important ecological sources,corridors and habitats.The protection and supervision of landscape strategic points,and the corresponding ecological restoration work for ecologically sensitive areas and habitat degradation areas.The research results can provide a reference for the future ecological protection and restoration of Haitan Island.