暗夜理念下美国国家公园环境教育的经验借鉴

Experience of Environmental Education in American National Park under the Concept of Dark Sky

城市的发展破坏了暗夜星空景观,国际暗夜协会以“倡导保护暗夜星空”和“教育公众和政策制定者有关暗夜星空保护的知识”为目标,通过对国际暗夜公园提供认证的形式对暗夜星空进行保护与环境教育。美国国家公园管理局与国际暗夜协会开展了密切合作,在暗夜星空的实践与保护方面具有丰富的经验。文章阐述了暗夜理念下美国国家公园环境教育的目的,论证了暗夜理念在我国研究的可行性与必要性,深入剖析了奥贝德野生风景河和图马科里国家历史公园暗夜理念下的环境教育解说活动,分析总结了其环境教育解说活动的经验:(1)政策法规的法律保障;(2)完善的配套服务设施;(3)解说活动具有人群针对性;(4)环境教育与历史文化相结合;(5)充分利用社交媒体并开发周边文旅产品;(6)与当地天文协会、教育机构的合作,以期为我国提供借鉴。

The development of the city has destroyed the night sky landscape.The concept of dark night advocates the attention and protection of natural night color as an endangered natural resource.Since its establishment,the International Dark Night Association has provided protection and environmental education for the night sky through certification of the International Dark Night Park.The National Park Authority has claimed’half the park is dark’and has extensive experience in practice and conservation.This paper expounds the purpose of environmental education in U.S.National Parks under the concept of darkness,demonstrates the feasibility andnecessity of the concept of darkness in China,deeply analyzes the environmen0tal education interpretation activities under the concept of darkness in Obeid Wild Scenic River and Tamakori National Historic Park,and summarizes the experience of its environmental education interpretation activities,namely:(1)the legal protection of policies and regulations;(2)Perfect service facilities;(3)Interpretation activities are crowd-specific;(4)The combination of environmental education and historical culture;(5)Making full use of social media and developing surrounding cultural tourism products;(6)Cooperation with local astronomical associations and educational institutions.