餐厨垃圾生化处理机工艺恶臭污染特征研究

Study of odor pollution characteristics of bio-chemical processor treatment of kitchen waste

以上海某基于餐厨垃圾生化处理机工艺的企业为研究对象,通过筛选餐厨垃圾关键测试物质,测试案例企业各处理工艺有组织排放口、厂区及厂界无组织排放中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)及恶臭物质情况,结合异味活度(OAV)指标评价识别典型恶臭物质,深入分析餐厨垃圾好氧生化处理机企业的恶臭污染特征及关键影响因素。结果表明:VOCs及恶臭物质浓度表现为预处理车间>生化车间>深加工车间,排放成分主要为醇类、羰基类、硫化物和芳香烃等有机物;主要的恶臭物质为乙硫醇、丁硫醇、甲硫醇和乙硫醚等硫化物;废水处理设施是案例企业恶臭产生的潜在主要来源之一,包括废水厌氧罐的沼气泄漏、废水处理设施的无组织臭气逸散等;餐厨垃圾好氧生化处理类型企业对周边的恶臭污染与其生产工序具有显著关系。建议同类型企业可通过减少无组织臭气排放环节、建立沼气泄漏定期检测与应急管理制度、提高末端装置运行效果等方面缓解恶臭污染问题。

A kitchen waste enterprise adopting bio-chemical processor treatment in Shanghai was selected as the research object.The odor pollution characteristics and key influencing factors of kitchen waste enterprises adopting aerobic biochemical processor treatment were deeply analyzed by screening the key test substances of the kitchen wastes,monitoring VOCs and odorous substances from the exhaust outlets of all treatment processes and the fugitive emission of factory area and boundary,and identifying typical odorous substances based on the evaluation of their odor activity value(OAV).The results showed that the concentration of VOCs and odorous substances was sorted as pretreatment workshop,biochemical workshop,and deep processing workshop from high to low,and the emission components were mainly organic substances such as alcohols,carbonyls,sulfides and aromatic hydrocarbons.The major odorous substances were sulfides such as ethyl mercaptan,butyl mercaptan,methyl mercaptan and ethyl sulfide.The wastewater treatment facilities were the main potential sources of odor,including the leakage of biogas in the anaerobic wastewater tank and the escape of fugitive odor from wastewater treatment facilities,etc.The surrounding odor pollution of the kitchen waste enterprise adopting aerobic biochemical treatment had a significant relationship with their production processes.It was suggested that enterprises of the same type could alleviate the odor pollution problem by reducing fugitive odor emission links,establishing regular biogas leakage detection and emergency management system,and improving the operation effect of deodorization devices.