小胶质细胞在蛛网膜下腔出血后神经炎性反应和脑损伤中的作用及机制

Function and mechanism of microglia in neuroinflammation and brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage

蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)是一种常见的出血性脑血管疾病,致死、致残率高。SAH对中枢神经系统造成的损伤主要包括早期脑损伤(SAH发生后72 h内)和继发性脑损伤(SAH发生72 h后)两个阶段。在不同的脑损伤阶段,小胶质细胞通过不同的信号通路发挥促炎或抗炎作用。在早期脑损伤阶段,主要是M1型小胶质细胞释放炎性介质并诱导炎性反应和神经毒性反应,发挥促炎作用;在继发性脑损伤阶段,主要是M2型小胶质细胞释放抗炎介质并诱导抗炎和神经保护作用。这些信号通路有可能成为SAH后潜在的治疗靶点,改善SAH预后。该文对小胶质细胞在SAH后神经炎性反应和脑损伤中的作用及机制进行综述。

Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) is a common hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease with a high rate of death and disability. The damage to the central nervous system caused by SAH mainly consists of two stages: early brain injury(within 72 h after the onset of SAH) and secondary brain injury(after 72 h after the onset of SAH). In different stages of brain injury, microglia exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects through different signaling pathways. In the early brain injury stage, mainly M1-type microglia release inflammatory mediators and induce inflammatory and neurotoxic responses, exerting pro-inflammatory effects;in the secondary brain injury stage, mainly M2-type microglia release anti-inflammatory mediators and induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. These signaling pathways have the potential to become potential therapeutic targets after SAH and improve the prognosis of SAH. This paper reviewed the role and mechanism of microglia in neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after SAH.