基于小负荷血流限制训练的航天失重对抗研究展望

Research prospect of space weightlessness countermeasures based on low-load blood flow restriction training

载人航天飞行必须应对失重暴露可能造成的一系列不良生理影响,运动锻炼是目前普遍采用的失重对抗策略。但传统的运动锻炼方案耗时大,且对运动器械的硬件要求高。血流限制(BFR)与运动锻炼相结合,只需较低的负荷即可改善肌肉结构和心血管功能。较低的训练负荷可有效降低运动损伤风险,同时降低对运动器械设备的性能配置要求。本文系统综述了BFR训练的作用机制、潜在风险及应对,提出基于小负荷的BFR训练可作为当前基于运动锻炼的失重对抗方案的有力补充。运动科学与航天医学“体医融合”的多层次多维度整合研究,有利于制定更为高效的失重防护方案,为中国空间站航天员长期驻留和未来深空探测提供更为有力的健康和安全保障。

Manned space flight must deal with a series of adverse physiological effects that may be caused by weightlessness exposure.Exercise is a widely used weightlessness countermeasure at present.However,the traditional exercise program is time-consuming and has high requirements on hardware of sports equipment.Combined with exercise,blood flow restriction(BFR)can improve muscle structure and cardiovascular function at a low load.Low training load can effectively reduce the risk of sports injury,and reduce the performance and configuration requirements of sports equipment.This paper systematically reviewed the mechanism,potential risks and countermeasures of BRF training,and put forward that BFR training based on low load can be used as a powerful supplement to the current weightlessness countermeasures based on exercise.The multi-level and multi-dimensional integration research of the“integration of sports science and aerospace medicine”is conducive to formulate more efficient weightlessness protection scheme based on exercise,thus providing a more powerful health and safety guarantee for the long-term stay of astronauts in Chinese space station and future deep space exploration.