间充质干细胞源性外泌体对子痫前期滋养层细胞生物学行为影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on the biological behaviour of preeclamptic trophoblast cells

子痫前期(PE)是一种严重影响孕产妇围产结局的妊娠中晚期特有并发症,其具体发病机制至今仍不明确,且目前尚无有效的治疗手段。外泌体作为间充质干细胞(MSCs)旁分泌作用的主要方式,在细胞间的信息交流中扮演重要角色,同时发现外泌体内携带的如微小RNA (miRNA)等小分子物质参与靶向细胞的多种生理病理过程。近年来相关研究发现不同来源MSCs的外泌体能够通过改善滋养层细胞功能为治疗PE患者提供潜在的治疗手段。随着研究的不断深入,不同来源MSCs及其外泌体将在PE患者的靶向药物治疗方面发挥巨大的潜力,可降低PE患者不良围产结局发生率及保障围产期母婴安全。本文将通过阐述不同来源MSCs的基本特点,分析其外泌体在PE滋养层细胞中的治疗作用,为临床治疗PE患者提供新的视角和思路。

Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique complication in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy that seriously affects the perinatal outcome of pregnant women. Its specific pathogenesis is still unclear, and there is currently no effective treatment. As the main mode of the paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) , exosomes play an essential role in the communication of information between cells. Exosomes that carry small molecules such as micorRNAs have also been found to be involved in a physiological and pathological process. In recent years, related studies have found that exosomes from different sources of MSCs can provide a potential therapeutic method for treating PE by improving the function of trophoblast cells. It is believed that with the continuous deepening of research, MSCs from different sources and their exosomes will play amassive potential in the targeted drug therapy of patients with PE, reducing the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes and ensuring the safety of mothers and babies. This article will describe the essential characteristics of MSCs from different sources and analyze the therapeutic effect of exosomes in PE trophoblast cells to provide new perspectives and ideas for the clinical treatment of PE.