回收量不确定下考虑技术授权的闭环供应链产品定价研究

Pricing Decisions in a Closed-loop Supply Chain with Technology Licensing under Uncertain Collection Quantity

越来越多的企业开始采取再制造的运作模式以缓解资源浪费和环境危机。原始设备制造商(OEM)为专注于新产品制造,可通过技术授权的方式委托第三方再制造商(TPR)进行再制造活动。本文研究了回收量不确定且OEM技术授权TPR进行再制造情形下闭环供应链的产品定价问题。研究发现:(1)当废旧品回收量在较小范围波动时,OEM和TPR若想获得不低于确定情形下的利润需考虑企业风险规避程度的影响;(2)当废旧品回收量在较大范围波动时,OEM和零售商在分别制定产品批发价和零售价时需按废旧品回收量波动方向相反的方向进行;(3)在废旧品回收量波动情形下,OEM应优先选择与风险中性的TPR合作,再适当降低技术授权费用使得TPR有利可图,这样既有利于促进废旧品的回收,也益于双方合作关系的持续发展。

More and more enterprises begin to adopt the operation mode of remanufacturing to alleviate the resource waste and environmental crisis. In order to focus on the manufacturing of new products, the original equipment manufacturer(OEM)can license the third-party remanufacturer(TPR) to undertake remanufacturing activities. The decisions on pricing of closed-loop supply chain based the uncertain demand are researched. The results indicate that,(1)when the collection quantity fluctuates in a small range, OEM and TPR need to consider the impact of the degree of risk-averse if they want to obtain profits no less than that in the case of collection determination;(2)when the collection quantity fluctuates in a large-scale, the wholesale price and retail price of new products and remanufactured products will be adjusted in opposite direction of the collection fluctuation for remanufactured products;(3)when the collection quantity is uncertain, the risk-averse OEM preferred to cooperate with the risk-neutral TPR. The OEM could reduce the licensing fee to avoid the risk, so that the TPR has profit margins to improve the recycling price, which is conducive to promoting the recycling of waste products and the sustainable development of the cooperation between the two sides.